强化条件作用

According to the experimental data, it is found that the circumferential diffierence of heat transfer characteristics occurres due to the effects of thermal acceleration and buoyance in the inclined smooth tube at supercritical pressure.

实验结果表明：在超临界压力区域，倾斜光管内可能由于受到热加速度和浮力的综合作用，倾斜光管传热特性沿周向是不均匀分布状态，通常管内顶部的壁面温度比底部高，在大比热区发生传热恶化和传热强化的现象，低质量流速和高热负荷条件下会发生传热恶化现象，高质量流速下会发生传热强化，避免壁温发生飞升；内螺纹管内的传热特性在不同焓值区域表现不同，在远离拟临界焓值的低焓值区域和高焓值区域，呈现出相似的规律，而在接近拟临界焓值区域时，传热得到强化。

The conclusion is that the path of Nanjie's institutional change is the outcome of the coevolution, say, competition, constraints, enforcement and transformation between the state and market; the coevolution have three dimensions: benefit, legitimacy and ideology; the path and outcome of institutional change in the process of coevolution are shaped by both the dual process of modernization and marketization in China's social transformation and the path dependence and cultural lag in China's incremental reform strategy: on the one hand, as historical conditions, the proceeding and logic of China's modernization constraint the state and market's institutional choices; on the other hand, under the interplay between the path dependence and cultural lag, the interaction between the state and market can produce various complex combinations, therefore various institutional landscape, even "institutional paradox".

本文认为，高度政治化、高度集体化的南街村体制是国家与市场互动演化，即国家与市场之间相互竞争、制约、强化和改变的结果；国家与市场之间的互动演化有利益、合法性和意识形态等三个维度，而互动演化所造成的制度变迁轨迹和结果则同时受中国社会转型中的现代化进程和市场化进程，以及渐进式改革中的路径依赖和文化堕距的影响：一方面，现代化进程作为一种共同的历史条件制约着国家和市场各自在互动过程中的制度选择；另一方面，在路径依赖和文化堕距的交互作用下，国家与市场之间的互动会形成多种复杂的、犬牙交错的组合，从而塑造出千姿百态的制度景象甚至"悖论"。

The numerical simulation revealed the motion of phase interface into the phase change material under the first boundary condition.

为了开发高效的热能存储设备，本文提出了采用针翅管以强化相变蓄热设备传热的新结构，采用数值方法模拟了相变材料在该结构中融化的瞬态三维传热问题，得到了在第一类边界条件下相变材料融化过程的界面移动规律；并与光管相比，以说明针翅的强化传热作用。

The numerical simulation revealed the motion regularity of phase interface into the phase change material under the first boundary condition.

摘 要：为了开发高效的热能存储设备，提出了采用针翅管强化相变蓄热设备传热的新结构，采用数值方法模拟了相变材料在该结构中融化的瞬态三维传热问题，得到了在第一类边界条件下相变材料融化过程的界面移动规律；并与光管相比，说明针翅的强化传热作用。

It is verified that the strain M-25 could produce a certain amount flocculate materials when cultured not under the specified conditions, and play the function of flocculating and subsiding.

说明絮凝剂产生菌M-25能适应生物絮凝强化一级处理工艺的运行条件，具有强化作用，可提高处理效率。

The results provided direct support for the occurrence of mycorrhizal protection of host plants against heavy metal contamination.

试验为重金属污染条件下丛枝菌根强化根系的屏障作用提供了直接证据。

In this project, the selection criteria of matrix and reinforcement for obtaining composites with high strength and toughness are determined. The as-cast and aged microstructures of composites reinforced with particles of different strength are observed, and their metallurgical conditions and stabilization mechanisms are analyzed. The aging precipitation behaviors and mechanisms are studied. Some characteristics of nano-materials (micro-distortion areas) are found in 150nm- Al2O3p/Al composites and their formation mechanisms are expatiated. The "flexible" restriction to the deformation of the matrix by low strength AlN particle is observed by in-situ TEM and SEM techniques, and the mechanisms of its resist on cracks propagation and its contribution to composite strength are revealed. The high temperature deformation behaviors of Al2O3p/Al composites are studied. A rare-earth coating is established on sub-micron Al2O3 particles, leading to an improvement in wettability between coated Al2O3 and liquid aluminum and a decrease in infiltration pressure. The strength and ductility of coated particles reinforced composite are also increased. The interfacial characteristics, bonding structures and their formation mechanisms are studied, and the crystal orientation relationships between reinforcement particles and aluminum matrix are investigated. Finally a lighter composite with better balance of strength and damping properties is reinforced with hollow ceramic microballoons of ultra-lower strength.

本项目发现了获得高强度和高韧性复合材料的基体、增强体选择依据；观察了各种强度质点增强复合材料的铸态和时效态微观组织，分析其微观结构形成的金属学条件及稳定性机理，研究了其时效析出规律和时效机制，发现了150nmAl2O3颗粒增强铝基复合材料基体中的纳米材料特征，并解释了其形成机理；利用TEM和SEM动态拉伸技术发现了低强度质点AlN颗粒对变形协调的&柔性强化&机制，揭示了其对裂纹扩展的阻碍作用和对复合材料高强度的贡献；研究了中强度质点的Al2O3颗粒增强铝基复合材料的高温变形行为，并对其进行了稀土界面层设计与制备，改善了颗粒与铝合金之间的界面润湿性，降低了复合材料铸造渗透压力，提高了复合材料的强、韧性；研究了多种复合材料界面结构及形成机理，确定了增强体与基体之间的界面结合机制，分析了复合材料界面处的晶体学位向关系；最后制备了含微孔的中空型陶瓷颗粒增强的特种复合材料，得到了强度和阻尼综合性能较好的轻质复合材料。

This method was developed based largely in part on the notions* of stimulus-response, conditioning and reinforcement discussed above.

&听说法&在很大程度上建立在如上所述的&刺激——反应&、条件作用以及强化的概念上。

Psychology of a conditioned response; caused to die out because of the absence or withdrawal of reinforcement.

指一种条件反应；因为强化作用的消失或者减弱而导致条件反应的渐渐消失。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。