强化

In this paper,the laser hardening technological parameters and the nigrescence technology with surface oxidation have been studied on tiny workpieces of 4Cr13 stainless steel,while the influences of the laser technology and various lapping ratios on hardness,depth and microstructures of the hardening layer have been explored.

研究了 4Cr13不锈钢细小零件激光表面强化工艺参数和材料表面氧化法发黑工艺，探讨了激光工艺和不同的搭接率对强化层硬度、淬硬层深度和表层组织结构的影响。

Influence of Magnet on Deposition Uniformity of Pulsed Ion Source;2. Natural convection is induced by non-conservative body force, which can be gravity, centrifugal or magnet ic force; and enhancement by applying magnet ic fields is a new technology in heat transfer.

自然对流是由非保守体积力驱动的流体流动，这种体积力可以是重力、离心力以及电磁场力等；通过外加梯度磁场来影响流体的流动，产生强化换热效果的方法是一种新型的强化技术。

Psychological research in Operant Conditioning teaches us about positive and negative reinforcement.

从操作条件反射的心理学研究来看，我们知道有正强化和负强化。

The results showed that the high strength of the alloy mainly came from the pre-cold deformation, the substructure strengthening resulted from aging and the precipitatation strengthening of Cr particles precipitated from oversaturated solid solution.

结果表明：合金的高强度主要来源于预冷变形和时效过程中引起的亚结构强化和从过饱和固溶体中析出Cr粒子引起7的析出强化。

The paper also presented the detailed experimental analysis on the combined technology of ozonization, engineering bacteria reinforcement and aeration, included the functions of different units in the system and demonstrated the superiority and necessity of the combined application of the ozonization, engineering bacteria reinforcement and aeration.

针对以上情况，在对固定化生物活性炭技术多年研究的基础上，首次提出采用臭氧固定化曝气生物活性炭滤池组合工艺对石化特种废水深度处理进行深入研究，文中对臭氧氧化、工程菌强化、曝气组合工艺进行了详细试验，总结出不同处理单元在系统中的作用，论证了臭氧氧化、工程菌强化、曝气联合应用的优越性和必要性，出水可以达到回用水标准。

Results The image performs of intracranial m alignant melanoma have specialy characteristics:the tumor originate trom pia mater,to press close to dura mater,obvious strengthly,the part of cyst changes can in depth encephalon,have integument,not strength,rapidly recurrence postoperative.timely to reexamine and timely to proceed the second operation.

结果：颅内黑色素瘤影像表现有一定特征：肿瘤实体源于软脑膜，贴近硬膜，明显强化，其囊变部分可深入到脑实质，有包膜，不强化，术后复发迅速，及时复查，可及时进行第二次手术。

The research results show as follows. As plastic deformation increases, the Young's modulus of material continuously changes. This variation law is able to be described using a piecewise linear function .Hardening model and whether the variation is considered or not make great effet on springback prediction. It is proved that the springback prediction result which adopts the elastic-plastic constitutive model based on INLK hardening model and the variation of Young's modulus is considered, is more close to experimental result. After the sheet metal undergoes multiple bending, the corner radius and bending height also affect springback greatly.But the effect trend is different. At the same time, the reliability of springback research using numerical simulation is proved.

研究结果表明：材料弹性模量随塑性变形的变化是不断变化的，该变化规律可用分段线性函数进行描述；强化模型及考虑弹性模量变化与否对回弹预测有很大的影响，基于INLK强化模型和考虑弹性模量变化的弹塑性本构模型对回弹的预测结果与试验最接近；多次弯曲中圆角半径与弯曲高度对板料变形后的回弹有较大影响，但影响趋势不同；证明了数值模拟方法对回弹研究的可靠性。

Adding minor Mn and Cr to Al-Mg-Si alloy can improve the tissue at as-cast treatment. The transformation of the platelike ?

含Mn、Cr相的弥散质点可阻止合金热挤压过程中的再结晶，得到纤维状组织，并促进细小时效强化相β′的析出，从而强化了合金。

It is shown that Mn and Ti had refined the microstructure,and formed to precipitation affluent of Mn or Ti ,which approved the performance of the Shape Memory Alloy.For a certain strain,the shape memory effect vayied functionly together with the aging time:alloy performance the best coorperative status that the martensite lathing was close and ordered,the precipitation rich of Mn and Ti dispersed orderly in the microstructure and little or even no eutectoid phase had precipited in the alloy ,in a special aging temperature and time. With the prolonger of the aging time,the different aging time affects the microstructure rulely.

结果表明：Cu-Al-X系形状记忆合金中，Mn和Ti的加入细化了组织，并且形成了富Mn和富Ti相，起到沉淀强化和弥散强化的作用；对于同一种变形量，合金在母相时效时，形状记忆效应随时效保温时间呈现规律性变化，不同时效温度下，合金对应一个不同的时效时间，此时合金的显微组织呈现最佳自协作状态，马氏体板条细密有序，富Ti和Al相均匀的弥散在组织中，合金中没有或很少有共析相出现，且随着时效时间的延长，在不同的特定温度下，Cu-24Al-3Mn-2Ti合金的组织会有规律性的变化。

It is shown that Mn and Ti had refined the microstructure, and formed to precipitation affluent of Mn or Ti, which approved the performance of the shape memory alloy. For a certain strain, the shape memory effect varyied functionly together with the aging time: alloy performance the best coorperative status that the martensite lathing was close and ordered, the precipitation rich of Mn and Ti dispersed orderly in the microstructure and little or even no eutectoid phase had precipited in the alloy, in a special aging temperature and time. With the prolonger of the aging time, the different aging time affects the microstructure rulely.

结果表明：Cu-Al-X系形状记忆合金中，Mn和Ti的加入细化了组织，并且形成了富Mn和富Ti相，起到沉淀强化和弥散强化的作用；对于同一种变形量，合金在母相时效时，形状记忆效应随时效保温时间呈现规律性变化，不同时效温度下，合金对应一个不同的时效时间，此时合金的显微组织呈现最佳自协作状态，马氏体板条细密有序，富Ti和Al相均匀的弥散在组织中，合金中没有或很少有共析相出现，且随着时效时间的延长，在不同的特定温度下，Cu-24Al-3Mn-2Ti合金的组织会有规律性的变化。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。