强化

This thesis focused on studying the enhancement mechanism of additive on the absorption of water vapor by aqueous LiBr, investigating the base principles of additive on absorption process, and finding out more efficient applying methods of additive on absorption chiller than the conventional method.

在溴化锂机组的吸收器中采用添加剂促进溴化锂溶液对水蒸气的吸收是一种简单、方便、且行之有效的强化手段。本文的重点在于通过对添加剂强化机理的研究，探讨添加剂对吸收强化影响的基本规律，寻找更加有效的强化方法。

Results from the experiment on an EHD experiment bench show that condensation heat transfer in a horizontal tube responds strongly to the EHD technique; the effect is greater for lower heat flux but lesser for higher heat flux; the enhancement coefficient is proportional to the exerted voltage for a constant heat flux and reaches as high as 156% under the conditions described in this paper.

在电流体力学强化传热试验台上进行了水平管内凝结传热的强化试验研究，结果表明，EHD技术对水平管内的凝结传热有明显的强化效果；低热流密度时，强化效果较好，增大热流密度时，强化效果减弱；热流密度维持不变时，强化系数随强化电压的升高而增大；在本试验条件下，对凝结传热的最大强化系数为 1 5 6%。

The typical manifestations of PHC were nodular,irregular and heterogenous enhanced regions in lesion,tumorous vessels could be seen in the arterial phase,the hyperdense regions in the arterial phases were changed to hpodense quickly in the portal phase;The characteristic findings of HCH were well-defined intense mural nodular enhancement in the arterial phase,and centripetally oriented enlargement of this nodular in the portal phase,the density of the nodular in the arterial phase were similar to that of aorta or hepatic arteries.

原发肝癌的典型表现是动脉期病灶内结节状、片状强化，并可见肿瘤血管影，强化部分在静脉期迅速呈低密度影；肝血管瘤的特征性表现为动脉期病灶边缘结节状强化，密度类似于主动脉或肝动脉，静脉期强化结节逐渐向病灶中央扩展；肝转移癌的主要表现为动、静脉期病灶边缘环状强化，中央部分无明显强化，静脉期还可见到"牛眼征"。

From the results obtained in the study, the following conclusions can be made:The methylene blue and spectrophotometer method can capture the free radicals generated successfully. This is an effective way to measuring the free radicals quantitatively in cavitation, moreover it is easy to fulfill.The intensity of cavitation increases with reduction in the cavitation number. But the different mechanism of various enhancive processes (chemical and physical processes) results in different effect by cavitation number.The effect of operating parameters, such as inlet pressure, temperature and time on cavitation indicate that optimum operating conditions exist at the cavitation enhancive effect is maximum.It is important to optimize the structure of hydrodynamic cavitation reactor for achieving a desired effect. A reasonable geometric parameter can promote the enhancive effect for a fixed hydrodynamic condition.Ventilating appropriate gas to cavitating flow can increase cavitational intensity and hence promote the enhancive effect of hydrodynamic cavitation.

研究结果表明：亚甲基蓝分光光度计法，能够成功地捕捉到水力空化产生的羟自由基，是定量检测空化自由基简便易行的有效方法；空化程度随空化数的减小而增强，但对于不同的强化过程，因其强化机理不同，故空化数对强化效应的影响也不同；水力空化系统的压力、温度及时间等操作参数对空化强化效应的影响规律表明：在适宜的操作条件下可产生最佳的空化强化效果；空化发生器结构的优化设计是保证空化强化效应的重要前提，在一定的水力学条件下，合理的结构尺寸可以增强空化作用效果：往水流中适量加入干扰气体能够提高空化强度，增强空化强化效果。

Results: accordant enhanced 8 cases; enhanced ring 9 cases; enhanced dots 7 cases; enhanced spots 12 cases; abnormal enhanced 7 cases; no enhanced 5 cases. Meninges and Tentorium cerebella are enhanced ,its anatomic structure is clear 38 cases.

结果：病灶均匀一致性强化8例，环状强化9例，点状强化7例，结节状强化12例，不规则强化7例，强化不明显5例，脑膜或小脑幕强化结构清晰38 例。

Results In 11 cases,5 cases were intracranial,and 6 cases intravertebral canal.MRI could effectively show similarly shuttle or long-round shape's abnormal signal imaging.The T1W imaging showed uniformity or asymmetric and low or equal signal.The borders were slighty low or equal signal intensity,some had spetum.The T2W imaging showed obviously high signal,and a few cases showed slightly high or equal signal,while the borders showed slightly low or equal signal imaging.The thin peripheral could be obviously enhanced,but without inner enhancement.

结果 11例中发生于颅内5例，椎管内6例，其 MRI 表现：断面上显示为在颅板下或椎管内的梭形或长圆形异常信号影， T1WI 上表现为均匀或不均匀的低、略低或等信号影，周边为略低或等信号的较厚边缘，少部分（2例）有分隔； T2WI 上多表现为较明显的高信号，少数呈等、略高信号，并可见略低或等信号的边缘；增强扫描病灶边缘明显强化，其内无明显强化或不强化，1例病灶呈较均匀的强化，1例病灶部分呈片状强化。

MPR and VR were applied in the imaging post-processing. Results: All cases were divided into four groups according to the thoracic CT findings and pathologic results as follows:① spheral caseous pneumonia;② tuberculous granuloma;③ fibrous caseous nodule;④ Focal pulmonary consolidation with cavitation. The spheral lesion appeared inhomogeneous density (44/58). cavitation (14/58) or satellite foci (21/58). Contrast scanning was carried out in 31 cases, of which peripheral or ringshaped enhancement was seen in 15 cases, no enhancement in 9 cases and extensive enhancement was seen in 7 cases.

结果：依据影像学表现、随访结果和病灶的病理改变，将58例球形肺结核分为四种类型：①球形干酪肺炎11例，体积较大（最大直径3~5cm），边缘模糊或毛糙，可见晕征，无强化或环行强化；②结核性肉芽肿19例，软组织密度，形态规则或不规则，边缘清楚或光整，强化模式为均匀强化或厚壁强化；③纤维干酪结节14例，规则球形，边缘光滑锐利，内部密度不均匀，可见钙化，多无强化或薄壁环行强化；④结核空洞14例，干酪空洞或纤维空洞，内壁不光整，可见到引流支气管（2例）。

At lower normal loads, the composites exhibit wear resistance superior to that of SiCw/6061Al composite under unlubricated sliding friction conditions.

对低Al含量的复合材料，由于Al〓O〓颗粒的存在强化了Al〓Ti相的晶界，增加了Al〓Ti解理裂纹扩展阻力，同时位错强化和细晶强化也对强度有一定贡献；对以Al为主要相的复合材料，兼有位错强化、固溶强化、细晶强化和弥散强化多种机制。

Analysis result shows that the dynamic interaction between wheel and rail and the rail-pad force of the strengthened track are little bigger than those of the unstrengthened track,the safety grades of the tracks are same,the strengthened track can benefit to decrease the displacements of all components of track structure obviously,to restrain the deformation of track effectively,and to reinforce the stability of railway,especially the lateral displacement and the gauge enlargement of the strengthened rail are about 33% of original rail.

分析结果表明：强化后轨道结构的轮轨动态相互作用力及轨枕支点压力均较强化前的相应值略大，但皆属相同安全合格等级；强化轨道结构位移大幅度降低，有效抑制轨道结构变形，增强线路稳定性，尤其是钢轨横向位移和轨距动态扩大量较强化前下降十分显著，前者仅约为后者的1/3左右；强化轨道也有利于降低轨下结构振动和减轻列车提速后对轨下基础的破坏。

This study focused on the absorption of vapor into aqueous LiBr and the absorption of ammonia gas into aqueous ammonia.

本项目以溴化锂溶液和氨水溶液作为研究重点，主要内容包括：对添加剂作用下的溴化锂溶液和氨水溶液表面张力进行了实验研究，发现添加剂对两种溶液表面张力的影响呈现出不同的性质；利用表面吸附动力学原理，对溶液的表面张力及动态表面张力进行了理论分析；利用激光阴影法对溴化锂溶液静池吸收过程中马拉戈尼对流的形成进行了可视化研究，并进而发现蒸汽添加剂比液体添加剂对吸收具有更好的强化效果；利用实验方法对溴化锂溶液垂直降膜吸收进行了研究，并从其基本方程出发得出了影响添加剂强化效果的主要因素；同时，也对添加剂对氨水鼓泡吸收的影响进行了实验研究；最后，对添加剂的强化机理进行了分析，即对于溴化锂溶液来说，添加剂对溶液吸收的影响主要体现在对吸收界面吸附特性的影响上，无论是气体添加剂还是液体添加剂，都有可能对溴化锂溶液吸收起到强化作用；对于氨水溶液而言，添加剂的影响主要还是体现在&盐析&作用上，当氨水浓度较低时，添加剂有可能对吸收起到强化作用。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。