强制性的

The author mainly presents his ideas in this thesis from the following aspects: To perfect Chinese sports law, China should have its own sports arbitration system so that the law could catch up with the development of Chinese sports and international sports as well; Sports arbitration should aim at fairness and effectiveness; The popularity of sports arbitration institutions and the lawfulness of arbitration procedures and verdict effect make sports arbitration quasi-judicial; As long as sports arbitration is listed in the regulations of sports organizations, it could be applied for its compulsiveness; Sports arbitration is supposed to address the disputes caused by the disciplinary punishment, and that caused by the such major problems like the registration, circulation, and qualifications of the sportsman, and disputes caused by the contracts in sports activities; Mediation procedure and immediate arbitration procedure should be given special attention in the establishment of arbitration procedures; Sports arbitrators should be neutral in solving disputes, and should be a qualified sports worker.

本文认为，为完善中国体育法制建设，适应中国竞技体育发展的实际需求并与国际惯例接轨，中国应尽快设立体育仲裁制度；体育仲裁的价值目标应该是公正和效益；体育仲裁机构的民间性及仲裁程序和裁决效力的司法性，使得体育仲裁的性质具有准司法性；体育仲裁具有强制性的特征，只要体育组织的章程中有体育仲裁的规定，即可申请体育仲裁；体育仲裁的范围应限于竞技体育领域中因体育组织的纪律处罚所引起的纠纷，因运动员注册、流动、转会以及参赛资格等体育专业问题所引起的纠纷，因竞技体育活动中的合同关系所引起的纠纷。体育仲裁的程序建构要突出调解程序和快速仲裁程序；体育仲裁员必须确保中立并且其素质群中还应具备体育知识的素质。

The author mainly presents his ideas in this thesis from the following aspects: To perfect Chinese sports law, China should have its own sports arbitration system so that the law could catch up with the development of Chinese sports and international sports as well; The popularity of Sports arbitration institutions and the lawfulness of arbitration procedures and verdict effect make sports arbitration quasi-judicial; As long as sports arbitration is listed in the regulations of sports organizations, it could be applied for its compulsiveness; sports arbitration is supposed to address the disputes caused by the such major problems like the registration, circulation, and qualifications of the sportsman, and disputes caused by the contracts in sports activities; Mediation procedure and immediate arbitration procedure should be given special attention in the establishment of arbitration procedures; Sports arbitration should be neutral in solving disputes, and should be a qualified sports worker.

本文认为，为完善中国体育法制建设，适应中国竞技体育发展的实际需求并与国际惯例接轨，中国应尽快设立体育仲裁制度：体育仲裁机构的民间性以及仲裁程序和裁决效力的司法性，使得体育仲裁的性质具有准司法性；体育仲裁机构应具有民间性特征，体育仲裁员必须确保中立并具有体育知识素质；体育仲裁具有强制性的特征，只要体育组织的章程或规则中有体育仲裁的规定，即可申请体育仲裁；体育仲裁的范围应限于竞技体育领域中因体育组织的纪律处罚所引起的纠纷，因运动员注册、转会、流动以及参赛资格等体育专业问题所引起的纠纷，因竞技体育活动中的合同关系引起的纠纷等；体育仲裁的程序建构要突出调解程序和快速仲裁程序；体育仲裁也应具有类似于国际商事仲裁的"一裁终局"的效力；由于自身的缺陷，法院可以对体育仲裁裁决予以适当的司法审查，给当事人一个程序化的救济权利的机制。

This paper mainly from the definition and peremptory norms of compulsory norms and arbitrary norms makes the distinction so as to further discuss whether there are compulsory norms and how to identify them.

本文主要从强制性规范的定义和强制性规范和任意性规范的区分做出论述，从而进一步讨论公司法中是否有强制性规范和怎样识别强制性规范的问题。

The study shows that the most striking feature about the use of the mandative subjunctive is that the distribution of the mandative subjunctive in MTE is much higher than that in MEE, NEC or T4, and much lower than that in LOBA or BROWNA. Another feature is that the morphological subjunctive, as one of the two variants of the mandative subjunctive, is most favored in MTE.

而在强制性虚拟语气中，原形式强制性虚拟语气在海事条约英语中的分布要高于迂回式强制性虚拟语气，而在其它语料库中，原形式强制性虚拟语气的分布却要低于迂回式强制性虚拟语气。

More specifically, interactions between boundary individuals of the firms positively affect a firm to use both coercive and noncoercive power over the other; closeness in emotion between the boundary individuals of the firms positively affect a firm to use noncoercive power, negatively affect the channel members to use coercive power, over the other, and negatively affect the felt conflict between them.

具体而言，私人交往状态对渠道成员使用强制性权力和非强制性权力均有显著的正向影响；私人亲近感对渠道成员使用非强制性权力有显著的正向影响，对其使用强制性权力和渠道冲突有显著的负向影响。

It can be in the form of spurious signals If the amplitude of these spurious signals is outside agency-reference-recommendation value, they could cause undue disturbances to other users by entering the receiver systems of other RF bands The generation of spurious signals from a transmitter could be the result of imposed varying antenna loads, noisy voltage-supply lines to the stages of the transmitter, or noncontinuous battery-voltage supply to RF energy from the host.

传输器的不稳定是指传输器产生的伪真信号，这种不稳定性的伪真信号的形成出现，如果它们的振幅超过代理服务器允许值就会进入其它波段的接收系统，干扰使用者，强制性的天线改装，伴有嗓音的电压，断续的供电都会产生为伪真信号，有些电池装配线可接收并解调这种能量，并生成嗓音，然后由经供电线路进入主传输器。

He cited the example of the Beijing-based legal aid center Open Constitution Initiative, which has challenged China's so-called "black jails" and campaigned for the rights of death-row inmates. Recently it was shut down, ostensibly for tax evasion. And more than a dozen rights lawyers were disbarred after failing a mandatory annual review, widely criticized as a vetting system to disqualify lawyers disliked by the authorities.

他列举了总部设在北京的公盟的例子，这个法律援助机构向中国的&黑监狱&还有死刑犯的权利限制发起了挑战，而最近却因为所谓的逃税而被关闭；然后至少有十二位以上的维权律师因为强制性的年检而被停牌，当局正是利用这个广受恶评的审批机制叫停不受待见的律师的执业资格。

The story asserts that: the Depression was a phenomenon brought on by the excesses of business, the greed of corporations and the individuals that controlled them, and unsavory practices in the financial industry; the inability of the little or "forgotten man" to deal with the cataclysmic events that overwhelmed him was total; therefore, the need for a counterweight was compelling and that role was naturally assigned to the US Government; in fulfilling that role, the imaginative and heroic programs instituted by the New Deal — which reversed the disastrous policies of Herbert Hoover — conquered the Depression and turned the economy around; and finally, its proven success legitimized the paradigm of the modern welfare state in which the government — through taxation, regulation, borrowing and spending, and jawboning — serves as a powerful check on the excesses of big business and helps to ensure the prosperity of the country, but in a much more fair and equitable fashion than an unrestricted free market could deliver.

这个的故事声称：经济大萧条是一种特殊的状况，是经营的过剩、是企业及其主管的利欲熏心，是金融行业里可恶的运营方式造成的。这灾难性的大事件，完全把书中那位&小人物&----一位&被遗忘的人&压垮了，对此他只能束手无策。于是，社会急需一种强制性的平衡力量，而把这种责任交给美国政府当然是情理之中的事。为了发挥这项作用，新政开始实施，为此设立了一些超乎人们想象的，英雄式的工程项目，新政扭转了赫伯特·胡佛制定的灾难性的政策，控制了大萧条，并挽救了衰退的经济。最终，新政的成功，使得现代化的福利国家模式得到确立，政府可以借助税收，管制，发债，开支，赊买的手段，对大企业过度经营进行其强有力的审查，政府要确保国家繁荣富强，然而，不是通过放任自由的市场经济模式，而是依靠所谓的一种更公平，更平等的模式。

Reporting earlier this summer in the journal Science, Nuno Sousa of the Life and Health Sciences Research Institute at the University of Minho in Portugal and his colleagues described experiments in which chronically stressed rats lost their elastic rat cunning and instead fell back on familiar routines and rote responses, like compulsively pressing a bar for food pellets they had no intention of eating.

今年初夏的科学杂志上报到，波多黎各Minho大学生命健康研究所的Nuno Sousa 和他的同伴描述了这样一项实验：在长期高压下生活的大鼠失去了他们狡猾的本性，它们宁愿拒绝吃东西，也不会尝试回到熟悉的路线和回忆曾经通过死记硬背掌握的反应，例如强制性的按食物盘子的按钮。

Reporting earlier this summer in the journal Science,Nuno Sousa of the Life and Health Sciences Research Institute at the University of Minho in Portugal and his colleagues described experiments in which chron ically stressed rats lost their elastic rat cunning and instead fell back on familiar routines and rote responses,like compulsively pressing abar for food pellets they had no intention of eating.

今年初夏的科学杂志上报到，波多黎各Minho大学生命健康研究所的Nuno Sousa和他的同伴描述了这样一项实验：在长期高压下生活的大鼠失去了他们狡猾的本性，它们宁愿拒绝吃东西，也不会尝试回到熟悉的路线和回忆曾经通过死记硬背掌握的反应，例如强制性的按食物盘子的按钮。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了