强函数

To eliminate the information of the surface model, thus improving the modeling speed and enhancing precision, an algorithm based on digital image processing for generating self-adaptive density mesh from measured dense scatted points is also introduced.

模型采用离散拓扑结构，无须进行曲面分片，因此不存在子曲面片之间的拼接问题；不采用解析函数表达曲面，因此不存在复杂组合曲面的参数域界定困难的问题；模型去噪能力强，特别适合大噪声场合。

Theoretical analysis and forecasting examples all show that the new technique has strong universalized capabilities an d the ability to adapt to the changes of function. With respect to combined modeling and forecasting of economic time series in nonlinear syste ms, which have some uncertainties, the method are feasible and effective.

理论分析和大量的应用实例表明：本方法具有很强的泛化能力与自适应数据和函数变化的能力，在处理诸如经济时间序列这种具有一定程度不确定性的非线性系统的组合建模和预测方面有较高的应用价值。

First, we consider nonholonomic chained systems with modeling error, in this section,based on back-stepping , using the so-called adding a integrator , state-scaling technique , we design discontinuous feedback law,such that the trival solution of the closed-loop systems global strong stable; Second,we consider high-order nonholonomic chained systems with modeling errors and external disturbances, in this section,using input/state-scaling and integrator backstepping methods , we design discontinuous feedback law and give out the switching strategy, such that the closed-loop systems global /C-exponential stable; Finally, we consider a class of more general power chained form systems with particular drift-terms, in this section , using Lyapunov method, we design time-varying feedback law , such that the closed -loop systems p—exponential stable.

第一部分考虑的模型为带有模型误差的高阶非完整链系统，我们运用加幂积分器、State-scaling技巧以及基于Back-stepping方法构造出不连续反馈律，从而使得所讨论系统的闭环系统的平凡解全局强稳定；第二部分考虑的模型为带有模型误差的不确定高阶非完整链系统，这一部分我们运用input／state scaling和integrator backstepping方法构造出不连续反馈律，并给出切换策略，使得所对应的闭环系统全局κ-指数稳定；第三部分考虑的系统是形式更为一般的且带有特殊形式漂移项的幂链系统，利用Lyapunov函数方法，设计出时变反馈律，从而使得相应的闭环系统ρ-指数稳定。

Adhibiting the nerve cell and qurdratic capability target, by the self-adapting self-studying consistent and better abiding of the nerve cell ,the thesis realizes the conforming of the parameter not depending the canal mathematics ,furthermore the parameter can self-adjust for the information of the canal.Combining the BP nets and the routine PID controller, and adhibiting the linear optimization target function, the thesis realizes the conforming of the parameter not depending the canal mathematics, furthermore the parameter can self-adjust for the information of the canal. Using the MATLAB the thesis simulates and acquires some significative effects.

在传统PID渠道控制中引入了神经元和二次型性能指标，利用神经元自适应、自学习、并行处理及较强的容错能力，实现了PID控制中参数的整定不依赖于渠道数学模型，且PID参数能根据渠道的适时信息在线调整以满足适时控制的要求将BP网络与常规PID控制结合，并引入了最优化目标函数，利用BP网络来实现PID控制器参数的在线整定，将其运用于渠系等体积控制，并利用MATLAB软件进行了数值模拟仿真，取得了一些有意义的成果和较为满意的结果。

Simulation results show that LELS and DELS yield faster convergence and better global optimization ability than standard evolution strategies; moreover, DELS also leads to better escaping capacity. Finally, limitations of the work as well as the future study are discussed.

在仿真试验中应用8个标准测试函数进行测试，结果表明此类算法具有较好的全局优化能力和较快的收敛速度，其中DELS的逃逸能力更强。

In view of these, the second part of this paper presents two sufficient conditions and two mixed type duals for the generalized fractional programming only under-convexity assumptions. These sufficient conditions apply to a broader class of mathematical programming problems.The results about weak duality, strong duality and strictly reverse duality arealso presented under more suitable conditions.

鉴于此，本文的第二部分，我们仅在函数—凸性假设下，给出了广义分式规划的二个最优性充分条件，这些充分条件较文献中的相关的条件有更广泛的适用性；同时还给出了混合型对偶，并且在适当的条件下，给出了相应的弱对偶定理、强对偶定理，以及严格逆对偶定理。

The effects of hot/dense hadronic environment on the spectral function of p meson is analyzed. It is found that hot/dense environment plays an important role to the spectral function: when the temperature or the density is not too high.

本文基于虚时形式的有限温度场论，分析了热密强作用物质环境对ρ介子性质的影响，计算得到了ρ介子的谱函数。

The paper puts forward immunity arithmetic used in distribution network on the basis of analyzing common uncertainty arithmetic and immunity arithmetic theory. It gets an optimizing project for distribution network, in which the equilibrium of load is regarded as target function. It has been exampled that this project is of higher constriction speed and stronger global search ability.

3在分析常见的非确定性算法和进化免疫算法原理的基础上，提出了在配电网络重构中采用免疫算法，并求解以负荷均衡为目标函数的配电网络重构的最优方案，实例表明该方法具有较快的收敛速度和较强的全局搜索能力；同时本文还为实时配电网络重构定义了启动条件，避免在配电网络正常运行时频繁启动网络重构。

On the condition of remote observation and quasi- monochromatic observation,a compact image-plane interference mathematical model is deduced with OAS optical transfer function and the property of Fourier transform.

在观测目标相当遥远及准单色观测条件下，根据光学综合孔径光学传递函数以及傅里叶变换性质建立了一个简化的像面干涉光强分布数学模型，此数学模型的物理含义符合光学综合孔径成像观测的实际情况；根据光学综合孔径瞳面干涉条件，在光学综合孔径像面干涉数学模型的基础上得到瞳面干涉的数学模型。

With the condition of SO〓, the bioaccumulation values of REEs in wheat root increase with time, and which fit the growth linear equation, correlation coefficient being higher than 0.94. The bioaccumulation in wheat stem and leaves is higher in the initial time, and the effect of SO〓 on the bioaccumulation is not obvious.

在SO〓存在下，小麦幼苗根部对稀土的富集随时间增加而增加，其富集值符合线性递增函数方程，相关系数均大于0.94；而茎叶部最初富集能力较强，SO〓的加入对小麦植株动力学吸收稀土规律无明显影响。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。