弹性模量

The relationship between stress and strain of concrete in prestressed concrete bridge s is written as algebraic form within load duration and the equilibrium equations of internal force and compatibility conditions are introduced.

首先将预应力混凝土桥梁中考虑收缩、徐变影响的任意时刻混凝土应力、应变关系在持荷时段内写成代数形式，引入内力平衡方程及变形协调条件后，提出了计入截面上钢筋位置、配筋率、预应力钢筋松弛、混凝土弹性模量随时间变化等影响的徐变效应分析的全量形式自动递进法，并建立了计算式，适用于任何形式的收缩、徐变特性表达式；基于建立的全量形式公式，可方便地求解任意时刻混凝土、钢筋的应力与应变和梁体竖向变形。

The results show that the casing external collapse load could be lowered to some extent by increasing the cement sheath elastic modulus. But the effect of increasing elastic modulus is much less than that of decreasing the elastic modulus of cement sheath.

研究结果表明，增加水泥环弹性模量对套管外挤载荷有一定的减缓作用，但效果远没有降低水泥环弹性模量明显。

This paper introduced lumber elastic modulus is a kind of fast testing device for lumber elastic modulus with FFT、 numerical control and computer technology.

本文介绍开发的板材弹性模量自动检测设备是综合FFT分析技术、数控技术和微机技术开发的一种关于木材杨氏模量和剪切弹性模量的快速测定设备。

The thermally stable capability and mechanical property of the deuterated foam above were analyzed by the differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, stress-strain behavior analysis, and other methods. The results showed that the glass temperature or the decomposed temperature for the prepared foams is 100℃-120℃,or about 400℃, respectively. However, there was the irreversible change in the foams at between 50℃ and 100℃.

结果表明：1泡沫玻璃化温度在100℃-120℃，裂解温度在400℃左右；2在50℃-100℃之间和一定作用力下，泡沫存在不可逆的形变；3室温下(22℃)，随着密度增大，泡沫弹性模量增大，损耗因子减小；在泡沫密度为20 mg/cm3-160 mg/cm3时，弹性模量为2MPa-10MPa，屈服强度为0.01MPa-0.12MPa，破裂形变为5%-35%。

In-tree variation of longitudinal mechanical properties of tracheids: 7 A general increase trend from pith to bark is found for either longitudinal MOE or tensile strength of tracheids of Chinese-fir from plantation.

5尽管从总体上木材的纵向弹性模量与气干密度之间存在较强的相关性，但它们之间的变化趋势经常不同步，特别是幼龄早材弹性模量与密度之间的相关性要低于成熟早材。

The results showed when the coated PVC fabric scraps were palletized by means of extrusion directly, the strength of the moulded part was weaker than that of the part made from PVC monomer. After the compounding of the fabric scraps with nonwoven PP fabric scraps and waste PE fishnet, the strength and elastic modulus of the composite increased obviously, the toughening effect of the glass fiber was especially noticeable in the form of tensile modulus.

实验结果表明：利用纤维类下脚直接挤出造粒工艺，其注塑成型品的强度要低于PVC单体的强度；通过与PP和PE复合后，复合材料的强度和弹性模量得到显著提高，特别是弹性模量方面显示出了玻璃纤维的增强效果。

The main research tasks and results are as follows:(1) Through comparing the stress intensity factor of compact tension specimen calculated by finite element software with the theoretical value, the feasibility of calculating fracture parameters of crack tip in ABAQUS software was verified.(2) The relationship between the elastic modulus of the material and research scale was studied based on deriving the cohesive stress theory and other relevant theories. And the elastic modulus of the material on meso-scale was determined.(3) Global model and sub-model of the finite element were built in th...e macro-scale, and stress-strain field nearby the crack tip was analyzed, and the results show that the detailed stress-strain in the crack tip could be obtained by using the sub-model technique.(4) In meso-scale, the crack growth model was also established by assuming the crack propagating along the grain boundary, and the detailed stress-strain field in the crack tip was obtained.(5) The effect of crack length on Von Mises stress, and maximum principal stress and strain was analyzed in meso-scale when equivalent KI equals 30MPa.m1/2. And the results show that except for crack tip area, the stress-strain distribution in whole specimen is not affected.

主要完成研究内容和取得成果如下：(1)利用有限元软件计算出紧凑拉伸试样的裂纹尖端应力强度因子KI值，其结果与理论值一致，从而验证了利用ABAQUS计算裂纹尖端相关断裂参量的可行性；(2)在研究内聚应力等相关理论的基础上，推导出了研究尺度与材料弹性模量的近似关系，并确定了介观尺度上的弹性模量；(3)在宏观尺度上建立了全局有限元计算模型和子模型，得到了裂纹尖端应力应变场分布，结果表明利用子模型技术获得比较准确的裂纹尖端应力应变场分布是可行的；(4)在介观尺度上利用平均晶粒尺度的方式建立了裂纹沿晶扩展模型，得到了裂纹尖端断裂过程区的微观应力应变场；(5)当应力强度因子为30MPa.m1/2时，分析了介观尺度上在裂纹沿晶扩展过程中裂纹长度对Mises应力、最大主应力和应变的影响，结果表明，裂纹扩展长度对试样整体应力应变分布影响不大，而对裂纹尖端区域有较大影响；(6)介。。。

Results show that when improving spot pitch in weld bonded joints with high elastic modulus adhesives, stresses in weld spot zone are decreased while stresses and strains at edges of overlap region are increased slightly. For the joints with low elastic modulus adhesives, both stress concentration degree at the weld spot and the shear strain at edges of overlap region are increased with the spot pitch increasing.

结果表明，高弹性模量胶粘剂胶焊接头中，增大焊点间距，焊点区应力减小而搭接区边缘胶层中的应力应变略有增大；低弹性模量胶粘剂胶焊接头中，焊点处应力集中程度和搭接区边缘胶层中的剪应变值都随焊点间距的增加而增大，增加焊点间距，两种接头的胶层断裂强度都将降低。

Single factor experiments were done with the factors including the width of protrusion and the trolley's velocity, which showed that the surface frictional coefficient decreases with the width of protrusion increasing, and doesn't change with the trolley's velocity changing, which was consistent with the results of the orthogonal experiment. A theoretical model of the horizontal projection of a corrugated bionic surface's contact area was built, which showed that the contact area's horizontal projection decreases with width and interval increasing respectively and that the ratio of the contact area's horizontal projection and the vertical load decreases with the vertical load increasing. It indicated that the surface frictional coefficient decreases with the above three factors increasing respectively. Finite element modeling and analysis of interactions of a plate and soils was done using ANSYS, which showed that the plate frictional coefficient is little relative to soil elastic modulus and decreases with vertical surface pressure and that trolley's pull and vertical displacement of bionic surface's control pilot keep constant almost during the plate being pulled. Finite element modeling and analysis of interactions of a corrugated bionic surface and soils was done using ANSYS, which showed that surface frictional coefficient is little relative to soil elastic modulus and decreases with bionic surface's structural parameters and vertical pressure increasing. However, the three factors all didn't affect the surface frictional coefficient remarkably on the condition of 90% dependability. For the first time, bionic surfaces were applied to screw piles, which formed bionic screw piles, and the contrast experiments showed the bionic screw pile had certain resistance-decreasing effects.

建立了波纹型仿生曲面与土壤的接触面积的水平投影的理论模型，表明接触面积的水平投影A随着波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度、两相邻突起间距的增大而减小，接触面积的水平投影与波纹型仿生曲面表面垂直载荷之比随着波纹型仿生曲面表面垂直载荷的增大而减小，进而得出仿生曲面摩擦系数随着波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度、两相邻突起间距以及表面垂直载荷的增大而减小；利用ANSYS软件对平板与土壤的相互作用进行了有限元建模与分析，表明平板摩擦系数与土壤弹性模量关系不大，而随着表面垂直载荷的增大而减小；平板牵引过程中台车牵引力和仿生曲面控制节点垂直方向位移基本保持不变；利用ANSYS软件对波纹型仿生曲面与土壤的相互作用进行了有限元建模与分析，表明波纹型仿生曲面系数在一定范围内基本不受土壤弹性模量的影响，随着波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度、两相邻突起间距以及表面垂直载荷的增大而减小，但在可信度为90％的前提下，三个因素影响都不显著；首次将波纹型仿生曲面应用于与土壤作用方式以挤压为主的螺旋桩，形成仿生螺旋桩，并与普通螺旋桩进行了沉桩对比试验，表明波纹型仿生曲面应用于螺旋桩桩体表面具有明显的降阻作用。

Modulus of elasticities of five kinds of wood members including purlin on the ridge of the roof, square purlin, round purlin, beam, sprocket from Grand Hall of Golden tile, Kumbum Monastery located in Qinghai Province were measured by using stress wave method.

采用应力波测定仪FAKOPP对塔尔寺大金瓦殿的脊檩、檩、梁、承椽檩、房椽等五种木构件的动弹性模量进行了测定，结果表明应力波无损检测可以有效的测定残余木构件的力学强度，不同种类木构件弹性模量保持率与其承重作用大小相关。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。