弹性力学

Eular -Bernonulli beam model and Tomosimko beam model were adapted to study the inherence vibration properties of the pipelines under dynamical loads, and the analytical answers of the chanmical results were brought out in the fifth chapter. And gave priority to the Eular -Bernonulli beam model, the simply and convenient analytical resolution for the response of the pipelines under dynamical traffic loads through the impulse function and the congruence method of the vibration form and so on.

本文采用Eular-Bernonulli梁模型和Tomosimko梁模型对动力下Kelvin粘弹性地基中管道固有振动性状进行了分析，提出了各力学结果描述的解析式；并以Eular-Bernonulli梁模型为主，基于脉冲函数、振型迭加法等对管道在动力交通荷载作用下的管道响应问题提出简单便捷的解析算法；在管道受力结果的分析中，考虑管道响应输出的随机性，将管道响应用随机过程来描述其概率特征，使得结果描述更加真实准确。

Based on the geometric nonlinear and material nonlinear of structure, the three dimension stability analysis of long span curve continuous rigid frame is performed on the base of the numerical analysis, and comparison of the linear and the non-linear is also done.

本文分别考虑结构的几何非线性和材料非线性力学特征，对高墩大跨弯连续刚构桥梁的结构稳定性进行详细的数值分析，并与线弹性的计算结果进行对比。

By applying contour integral method and high-order displacement functionsof MM,we obtain the accurate stress intensity factors of mixed-mode crack.Then,the open crack propagation of the mixed mode I and II is simulated by means oftheories of linear elastic fracture mechanics.This provides a simple and effectivenumerical way for crack evolvement studying.

接着，文中采用围线积分法和流形方法的高阶位移函数来计算得到比较准确的混合型裂纹尖端的应力强度因子，然后基于线弹性断裂力学的裂纹扩展准则，用流形方法实现了平面I-II混合型张裂纹扩展的数值模拟，为数值方法研究裂纹的演化行为提供了一条简单而有效的途径。

It provided a correct and reasonable mathematical model for the analysis of the ultimate bearing capacity and crankle stability of the thin-walled structure.

论文在比较了两种运动描述方法（完全拉格朗日法和更新拉格朗日法）异同点并分析了非线性几何关系及大变形下的弹性物理关系的基础上，基于增量虚功原理推导了几何非线性空间梁元单元切线刚度矩阵，采取分模块形式，分别表示了轴力、弯矩、双力矩对几何矩阵的贡献；通过球面显式荷载增量迭代式弧长法求解方法编制程序，很好地实现了几何非线性增量荷载的自动步长选择及全过程跟踪，为薄壁杆系结构的极限承载力分析和弯扭失稳分析，提供了较为精确合理的分析力学模型。

Based on the BISQ model, we studied the elastic wave speed in two-phase porous isotropic media and its relation with Biot-flow and squirt-flow. The Green function is obtained for a point load in the two-phase porous isotropic media using the decomposition of the field potencial and the properties of Delta function. The expression and effects of squirt-flow in BISQ-Green function are discussed.

以BISQ模型的波传播方程为基础，研究了弹性波在孔隙各向同性介质中的传播速度及与流体的Biot流动和喷射流动力学机制的关系，进一步利用场势分解和δ函数的性质，给出了同时受Biot流动和喷射流动两种动力学机制作用下，两相介质波场位移在集中力作用下的Green函数，并讨论了喷射流动在Green函数中的表现形式和作用。

Many natural phenomena and physical laws can be described by time dependent nonlinear differential equations, such as heat conduction equation, sound wave and elastic wave equation, reaction diffusion and convection diffusion equation, fluid and aerodynamics equations, etc.

大多数的自然现象与物理规律都可归结为与时间相关的非线性偏微分方程，诸如热传导方程、声波与弹性波方程、反应扩散与对流扩散方程、流体与气体力学方程组等发展方程。

And then the influence of two of the damage models, the Kachanov and the gradient dependent constitutive equations, on the well posed properties of the fundamental equations in continuum damage mechanics is studied according to th.

首先从非局部理论出发，推导了应变梯度损伤本构方程；然后利用一阶拟线性偏微分方程组的特征理论，在一维弹性损伤情况下分析了两种不同的本构模型，即 Kachanov损伤本构方程与应变梯度损伤本构方程，对连续介质损伤力学基本方程适定性的影响。

Results The research of material mechcnics property of new device and finite element method analysis showed that its function of shape memory was very good.

结果 材料力学测试及有限元分析表明其形态记忆功能良好，体温状态下能产生稳定可靠的回复力，且应力分布均匀，抗拉能力强，具有弹性固定作用。

This approach can be applied to determine the parameter distribution of structural damping characteristics.

理论分析证实基于弹性波动力学理论下粘滞阻尼理论及复阻尼理论在杆的轴向振动及梁的横向振动中的一致性，可应用这种方法来确定杆式结构及梁式结构的阻尼特性参数分布。

Five novel torsion-mirror optical actuators including double-beam thickness differential structure with single torsional axis, double flexible folded-beam structure with single torsional axis, double-beam vertical torsion comb structure with single torsion axis, four-beam differential compound-micromirror structure with double torsional axis and the combined structure of the four basis forms above, are brought forward. All of these devices could be fabricated by the same silicon micromachining process we have developed. The deformation compensation design with local enhancement for the thin torsional beam which is the key structure of these devices is also put forward to improve the reliability. The three-dimension solid model and two-dimension reduced order model of the torsion-mirror optical actuator are established and then the numerical simulations for evaluating the device characteristics of the statics, dynamics, electrostatic field, mechanical and electrostatic coupling, fluid and solid coupling are carried out to optimize the structure design. Furthermore, three optical fibre clamping structures which could be integrated monolithicly are designed and analyzed to improve the optical coupling capability. 4. Three flexible process flows combined with bulk silicon micromachining and surface silicon micromachining are brought forward to fabricate these novel single-crystal silicon or polysilicon torsion-mirror optical actuators by using the same lithography masks for both SOI wafer and regular silicon wafer. A series of important process experiments are carried out to optimize the process parameters and the process flows. Some novel and typical process phenomena which occurred during the microfabrication are analyzed and then the corresponding solutions are put forward. 5. A MEMS dynamic testing system which exploit blur image synthetic technique, stroboscopic image matching technique, stroboscopic mirau microscopic interferometry technique and microscopic laser dopper vibrometer technique is set up to measure three-dimension and six-freedom micro motions of any MEMS devices with nanometer resolution.

在对硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的光机电特性系统地理论研究的基础上提出了硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的结构设计准则。3、提出了单轴双梁厚度差分结构、单轴双柔性折叠梁结构、单轴双梁垂直扭转梳齿结构、双轴四梁差动复合微镜结构以及以上四种基本结构组合后的衍生结构等五种工艺加工技术兼容的新型的硅微机械扭转镜光致动器，对器件关键结构薄厚度、高耐疲劳扭转梁进行了局部加强的变形补偿设计，建立了器件的三维实体模型以及两维降阶模型，对提出的新结构硅微机械扭转镜光致动器进行了系统的静力学、动力学、静电场、力电耦合和流体固体耦合的建模仿真与优化设计，同时设计并分析了三种可实现单芯片集成的弹性光纤定位夹紧结构。4、提出了组合体硅微加工技术与表面硅微加工技术、兼容同一套光刻版图、可分别基于SOI 晶片和普通Si 晶片、适应于制造提出的各种新结构单晶硅和多晶硅硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的三套柔性加工工艺流程，开展了一系列重要工艺步骤的单项工艺试验，对工艺流程与工艺参数进行了优化，针对加工过程中出现的具有普遍意义的典型工艺问题进行了讨论和分析，并提出了解决方法。5、创新性地将模糊图像合成技术、频闪图像匹配技术、频闪Mirau 显微干涉技术与显微激光多普勒测振技术有机结合，建立起了一套周期运动测量与瞬态运动测量相结合、单点运动测量与全视场运动测量相结合、满足不同MEMS 器件各种动态测试要求的集成的MEMS 三维六自由度微运动精密测量系统。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。