弹性

Formulas of the induced potential, stopping power, DIIMFP and IMFP considering the memory effect were derived for a charged particle moving parallel to a solid surface. It was found that those with the memory effect for energy lay between the corresponding values without the memory effect for energy and previous energy . The memory effect increased with increasing energy loss,, in the previous inelastic interaction.

对於带电粒子沿固体表面平行移动时，其感生电位、阻挡本领、微分倒数非弹性平均自由行径和非弹性平均自由行径之模式均被建构，研究显示对某特定粒子能量，其考虑记忆效应的结果会座落在不考虑记忆效应之此粒子能量及上次非弹性作用前粒子能量的结果之间，而记忆效应会随前次非弹性交互作用能量损失增加而变大。

The classical one and its basic equations should be included in the general different moduli theory.

研究表明，不同模量弹性理论与经典的同模量弹性理论之间是协调的，经典弹性理论及基本方程包含在最一般的不同模量弹性理论中。

The digital simulation of thedynamic processes under step load input and supply oil pressure fluctuation were carried on by MATLAB. Analysis of the dynamic characteristics was done with the changes of the supply pressure, load, structural parameters of spherical hydrostatic bearing and the effective bulk modulus of oil. The conclusions show that structural parameters of the spherical bearing and the effect bulk modulus of oil have significant influence to dynamic characteristics, but the elasticity deformation of interior supporting collet has very small influences on the output response characteristics of the suspension system. The collets deformation can be neglected on the project.

在此基础上，建立了考虑内支撑筒的弹性变形与否时悬浮系统的数学模型，同时，建立了线性化的仿真模型，利用MATLAB对阶跃负载输入和油源压力脉动输入下的系统进行动态过程的数值仿真，结果表明球面副的结构参数，油液的有效体积弹性模数对系统的响应特性有明显的影响，而内支撑筒的弹性变形对悬浮系统的响应特性的影响很小，在工程上可以忽略其弹性变形。

For winter fruits, tomatoes and apples are price elastic. Lichees and pineapples are close to unit price elasticities among summer fruits.

在冬季水果自身价格弹性方面，蕃茄及苹果为富有价格弹性；夏季水果自身价格弹性中仅荔枝及凤梨接近单一价格弹性。

The pressure drop in every stage is separated into viscous drop and elastic drop in every stage.

实例计算结果表明，建立粘弹性本构模型时，必须考虑通过孔喉阶段和挤出孔喉阶段以及弹性流体的弹性回复；弹性特性是造成压降损失的影响因素，在聚驱过程中不可忽略。

In this phase transformation range and under its elastic limit of shape memory effect range , the relationship of elastic modulus of SMA with temperature is nonlinear.

实验结果显示，SMA在100%沃斯田体与100%麻田散体相变化范围内，其弹性系会受到自身温的影响，在这个相变化范围内，SMA於形状记忆效应范围内，在其弹性限以下，其弹性系数与温度呈非线性关系，本研究藉由实验数据，建了弹性系与温的关系式。

Based on basic theory of elastic wave propagation, wave equation forpropagation of elastic wave in 2 dimension vertical inhomogeneous mediumof similar concrete cutoff wall model is developed. 2 dimension elastic sheetof concrete cutoff wall is established to research law and energy distributionrelations between propagation, attenuation, reflection and transmission ofelastic wave in concrete cutoff wall; Based on the concept of resolution, thecontent of vertical reflection method used to inspect concrete cutoff wallresolution is raised and factors will have influences on resolution are analyzed,expression of defective layer composite reflection factor and detectabledefective layer maximum thickness are developed; Relations between allsteps of sampling system of vertical reflection are build, the influence ofcentrum characteristics and receiving sensor on testing results are analyzed,therefore parameter requirements for testing instrument and parameter selection principle of collected parameters are raised.

2从弹性波传播的基本理论研究出发，推导了弹性波在类似混凝土防渗墙模型的二维垂向不均匀介质中传播的波动方程式；建立了混凝土防渗墙二维弹性薄板模型，研究弹性波在混凝土防渗墙中的传播、衰减、反射、透射规律及能量分配关系；从分辨率的概念出发，提出了垂直反射法检测混凝土防渗墙分辨率的内涵，对影响分辨率的因素进行了分析，推导出了缺陷层复合反射系数、可检测缺陷层极限厚度的表达式；建立了垂直反射法采样系统各环节之间的关系，研究分析了震源特性、接收传感器对测试结果的影响，提出了对测试仪器参数的要求及采集参数的选择原则。

Three of the most commonly used demand elasticities are price elasticity of demand, income elasticity of demand and cross price elasticity of demand.

最常用的三种需求弹性是需求的价格弹性，需求的收入弹性以及需求的交叉价格弹性。

Demand for law also has flexibilities,such as price flexibility,cross flexibility and income flexibility.

法律需求也具有弹性，主要表现为价格弹性、交叉弹性和收入弹性。

This dissertation sets up a physical model consists of the caudal fin, the muscles and the spring, and also gives a mathematical model of the optimal compliance of the spring. Some simulations are carried out. The simulation results says that the elastic element can increase the propulsion efficiency, which provides a technical way for promoting efficiency of underwater propulsors.

本文给出了一种含有弹性元件的肌肉—弹性元件—尾鳍的物理模型，在游动能量损耗最低条件下，建立了求解弹性元件最佳柔顺系数的数学求解模型，并进行了仿真研究，研究结果验证了弹性元件对提高推进效率的作用，为提高仿鱼水下推进器的推进效率提供了一种技术上的解决途径。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。