弹性

The dissertation presents a mathematical modeling approach for the high-speed flexible linkage mechanisms equipped with bonded piezoelectric sensing/actuating elements employing a mixed variational approach with Hamilton's principle in conjunction with the finite element formulation. This model includes both the terms coupling the elastic and rigid-body motions of linkage mechanisms and the terms coupling the elastodynamics and piezoelectricity of the elements, incorporating their effects upon the mass and stiffness matrices which are in general non-symmetric.

本文以国家自然科学基金资助项目《弹性连杆机构有害振动的主、被动控制及混合控制研究》（资助号：59605001）和广东省自然科学基金项目《开链及闭链机构有害振动控制研究》（资助号：970381）为依托，对高速弹性连杆机构振动的主动控制中的建模、求解、控制律的选择、作动/传感元件的优化以及实验研究等几个关键问题进行了比较深入细致的研究，取得了一些具有重要理论意义和重大实际应用价值的成果。

In the numericalstudy, three-dimensional elastodynamics equations and Morison equation are applied tosimulate the time histories of dynamic response of submarine pipelines suspended over flatbeds sucessfully. The three-dimensional interaction of pipeline and internal flow isnumerically simulated by applying the iterative computation to the fluid-structure interfacesand using the elastodynamic equation and the incompressible fluid N-S equation andcontinuity equation.

在数值研究方面，本文利用三维弹性动力学方程，结合莫里森方程，较好地模拟了规则波浪作用下近壁悬跨弹性海底管线动力响应过程，结合不可压缩流体N-S方程和连续方程，进行管线及其内部流体的三维流固耦合数值计算，基于数值计算结果探讨内流管线系统的动力特性和管内流体特征。

Guan Lingyun Upper and lower bounds of effective bulk and shear moduli for elastic composite materials with general ellipsoid of revolution inclusion have been calculated by using the approximate formulae ,which related to the effective moduli of composite materials with imperfect interface under finite deformation ,in reference .

应用文献〔13〕中有限变形下非完美界面弹性复合材料有效模量的近似公式和微分几何方法，计算了含一般旋转椭球体夹杂弹性复合材料有效体积模量和有效剪切模量的上下限界。

First, theoretical analysis methods were used for the static analysis of the suspension bridge. The formulas for endogen force of the asymmetry suspension bridge through elastic theory were deduced and they were contrasted with those of the normal suspension bridge. The basic differential equation of deflection theory was deduced and the method of getting the roots of the equation was offered, and some simplified methods for deflection theory were presented.

推导了非对称式悬索桥弹性理论的内力计算公式，并对比了其与对称式悬索桥弹性理论的内力计算公式的异同；推导了非对称式悬索桥挠度理论的基本微分方程，并且给出了部分均布荷载作用下基本微分方程的试算方法；提出了挠度理论的几种简化计算方法。

It is showed that the index of the cupula controls the magnitude of the amplitude and phase in low frequency, and the index of the endolymph characterizes the critical frequency of the system.

其中，壶腹嵴的粘弹性指标α主要控制系统在低频段的幅值和相位值，而内淋巴液的粘弹性指标β则主要决定了系统的临界频率和低频截止频率。

The total effect of the load of the water mass on statical deformation consists of the statical elastic deformation in rock medium resulting from the water load, the deformation of the gravitational equipotential surface caused by the water mass, and that resulting from elastic deformation.

水体质量荷载的静力学形变总效应包括：荷载引起的地基岩石介质的静态弹性形变，质量引起的重力等位面形变以及静态弹性形变所引起的重力等位面形变。

Moreover, the intensity corresponding to surface excitation in effective energy loss functions decreases with the increase of primary electron energy.

在用Monte Carlo方法模拟电子与物质相互作用过程时，常用Mott截面描述电子与原子的弹性碰撞，而用介电函数理论描述电子的非弹性散射。

And established the mechanics model,optimization parameter model,optimization mathematics model for the elastic element of the extensometer,programs analysis file and optim...

以应变计式引伸计弹性元件的结构优化为例，建立了引伸计弹性元件的力学模型、优化参数模型、优化数学模型，用ANSYS的参数化设计语言编制了分析文件和优化控制文件，经计算获得最优结果。

The corium is under the epidermis, it's made up of connective tissue that contains collagenous fiber, elastic fiber, reticular fiber and ground substance between fasciculus, it's very important for the elasticity and lusty of the skin, malnutrition, ageing and long-time excessive exposure to the sun would all lead to wrinkles and sagging of the skin, the reason of this is denature or fracture of collagenous fiber and elastic fiber.

真皮在表皮之下，由胶原纤维、弹力纤维和网状纤维组成的结缔组织，与纤维束间的无定形基质构成，对皮肤的弹性光泽和弹力等有着重要作用，营养不良、衰老或长期过度日晒会使皮肤发生皱纹、弹性松弛，是胶原纤维及弹力纤维变性或断裂的结果。

As the carbon/ epoxy composites for the example, when fiber volume content and braid angle is fixedness, the influence of the 3-dimensional braided composites effective modulus that caused by thickness is more than by width, when width larger certain value and thickness larger certain value the modulus that composite is steady.

宽度变化对于E1 1影响较大，其他模量影响很小，当宽度大于一定值趋于稳定；而厚度的变化，对于复合材料不同弹性常数影响都很大，当厚度达到一定以后各个弹性常数的变化趋于稳定。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。