张量

According to the concept of strain energy of cracked materials, the orientation tensor of crack was defined. Considering the crack-closing and friction between crack surface under compression, The damage tensor, damage strain and effective elastic modulus were formulated. A method for discrete description of damage mechanism was given, and the evolution equation of discrete orientation density of crack was obtained. The relationship of micromechanism and the macro-representation of concrete failure were studied.

从含裂纹材料的变形能出发，引出了裂纹的方位张量；在考虑裂纹受压闭合与滑动摩擦的基础上，给出了损伤张量、损伤应变和有效弹性系数的表达式，在损伤机构离散化方法的基础上，给出了方位密度的演化方程；将上述损伤理论应用于混凝土的损伤分析，研究了混凝土破坏的微观机制与宏观表现的关系及Griffith准则和Mohr-Coulomb准则的相似性问题，对修正的Griffith准则进行了改进。

Following the constraint of AMFI on the SGS stress model, a non-linear SGS stress model is developed, based on the tensor algebra and Taylor expansion theory, in terms of resolvable strain rate tensor and rotation tensor.

根据旋转湍流SGS模型的建模规则，利用张量代数和Taylor近似理论发展了一种由大涡应变率和旋转张量构成的非线性SGS应力模型，并满足AMFI条件。

Firstly, we collected and sorted out the GPS data, established the uniform velocity field for the Chinese mainland and the surrounding regions, and the horizontal deformation field relative to the Eurasia plate; Secondly, we established a motion model for the entire rotation and homogeneous strain of the first and second level blocks in Chinese mainland, analyzed the motion pattern and strain behavior of active blocks in Chinese mainland, as well as the motion pattern of principal fault zones in Chinese mainland; Thirdly, considering the heterogeneity of strain distribution inside a block and supposing that the strain tensor inside the block is the linear function of location, we derived and established an equation for the entire rotation and linear strain of block and a motion model for the entire rotation and linear strain of principal blocks in Chinese mainland; We also calculated the principal strain field and the maximum shear strain field in Chinese mainland and the surrounding regions, analyzed the basic characteristics of strain field in Chinese mainland, as well as the relationship between the spatial distribution of strain field and large tectonic zones; Finally, we established the 2-D geotectonic model and digital model for Chinese mainland and the surrounding regions, calculated the stress field in Chinese mainland and the surrounding regions, and analyzed the basic features of stress field in Chinese mainland and the principal driving force for the motion and deformation in Chinese mainland.

收集整理了已有GPS资料，建立了中国大陆及周边地区统一的速度场以及相对欧亚板块的水平形变场；建立了中国大陆一、二级地块整体旋转与均匀应变的运动模型；分析了中国大陆活动地块的运动状态，应变状态，以及中国大陆主要断裂带的运动状态；考虑到一个块体内部应变张量空间分布的非均匀性，假设块体内部的应变张量是位置的线性函数，推导建立了块体整体旋转与线性应变方程，建立了中国大陆主要地块整体旋转与线性应变的运动模型；计算了中国大陆及周边地区的主应变场与最大剪应变场，分析了中国大陆应变场的基本特征，以及应变场的空间分布与大型构造带的关系；建立了中国大陆及周边地区二维的地质构造模型和数值模型，计算了中国大陆及周边地区的应力场，分析了中国大陆应力场的基本特征以及中国大陆运动、形变的主要驱动力。

According to the theory of invariants of the stress tensor and inductive method, a unified theory of failure is possible.

作者从应力张量不变量出发，提出一些现有强度理论的缺点或不足之处，根据应力张量不变量理论和归纳方法提出了可能的统一的强度理论。

It's form is the contribution of the Reynolds stress tensor and magnetic fluctuating tensor.

主要的表现是：第一，Reynolds stress 张量和磁扰动张量的径向分量贡献给压强，引起太阳内部流体静力学平衡方程和太阳内部热力学变量的改变，从而导致温度、密度、内能、绝热指数以及绝热温度梯度等的变化。

From the basic formula of coulomb force and ampere force,together with the concept of electric stress tensor , the mathematic formula of electric force and magnetic force is deduced in this article.

从库仑力和安培力的基本公式出发，引用电应力张量和磁应力张量的概念，导出计算电场力和磁场力的简单数学表示式。

Reynolds stresses can be expressed into two forms: one is the generally used second order symmetric tensor, the other is, as described in this paper, the tensorial function of its principal axes directions and turbulent kinetic energy distribution coefficients .

雷诺应力可以有两种表达形式：一种是表达成二阶对称张量，另一种如本文所述，表示为主轴方向及湍动能分配系数的张量函数。

By the utilization of the symmetric characteristic of the tensor, algebra relation between the elements in the tensor and refraction index ellipsoid equation, an approach base on Attenuated-total-reflection technology was proposed for the measurement of the QEO coefficient of the organic polymer.

有机聚合物材料的二次电光系数是衡量其二次电光效应的一个重要参数，其可以用一个6×6阶的张量来表示。利用该张量的对称特性、各个元素之间的已知关系以及折射率椭球公式，本文提出了一种基于衰减全反射技术的测量有机聚合物二次电光系数的方法。

This article mainly simulates gradually damage destruction process of rock, major in determinationg the definition of rock three-dimensional damage tensor, simplify to the damage tensor and obtain its engineering calculation method, and obtains the basic expression form of equivalent stress by equivalent stress assumption, symmetrization to the actual stress, thus obtains construction relation of the festival principle of three-dimensional damage rock mass, finally couples elasticity- plasticity with damage in the finite element equation, with reference to elasticity-plasticity gradually degenerated method thought, simulates rock damage to advance gradually the destruction process in finite element method, draws up elasticity - plasticity and damage coupling two-dimension finite element procedure with the C language in the VC contact surface, by simulating experiment destroyed process, acquires destruction image and the axial load distortion curve of model, agreement with the experimental result.

本文主要模拟岩石渐进损伤破坏过程，确定岩石三维损伤张量的定义，对损伤张量进行简化计算并得出其工程计算方法，采用等效应力假设得出有效应力的基本表达形式，对有效应力进行对称化，得出节理损伤岩体的三维本构关系，在有限元方程中实现弹塑性和损伤耦合；借鉴弹塑性渐进退化方法的思想，采用有限元的方法模拟岩石损伤渐进破坏过程，用C++语言在VC界面编制了弹塑性和损伤耦合的二维有限元程序，通过模拟已有的实验破坏过程，得出模型的破坏图像和轴向荷载变形曲线，与实验结果基本一致。

Briefly covered vector and tensor notation, vector and tensor algebra, wave kinematics, eigenvectors/values, dimensional analysis, and scale analysis.

简要的介绍向量和张量符号，向量和张量代数，波的运动，特徵向量／值，向量分析，以及尺度分析。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。