张力过度

The initial range-of-motion exercises are performed to prevent adhesion formation; extension is allowed to 0°, but it is essential to avoid both hyperextension and flexion past 90°, which can place undue tension on the grafts.

最初的关节活动范围练习主要是为了防止粘连形成，伸展的范围可达0°，但必须避免过伸以及屈曲超过90°，否则可能会使移植的肌腱承受过度的张力。

This overactive muscle response is referred to by doctors as spastic hypertonia.

这种肌反应过度被称作痉挛性张力亢进，临床表现为：不可控的急跳运动，肌肉僵硬，强直，肌肉或肌群收缩，肌张力异常。

The clinical characteristics in PWS are including: infantile hypotonia, over obesity in the childhood, mental retardation, short stature, and hypogonadism. Intraorally, enamel hypoplasia, thick saliva, and rampant caries were noted in PWS.

临床特徵包括新生儿肌肉低张力、儿童时期的过度肥胖、智能不足、身材短小及性腺机能不足；口腔方面则有牙釉质发育不全、唾液较浓稠及猛爆性龋齿等现象。

Raise your upper arm slightly, and the extreme tension caused by an excessive pronation will disappear.

轻轻举起你的上臂，由于手掌过度向下引起的肌肉极度绷紧张力将会消失。

Selvedge needle s, in particular, are subject to high levels of stress in modern crochet knitting machines, resulting in problems due to lateral flexing, excessive wear and machine standing idle.

用于现代钩编机的织针，特别是边针，要承受很大的张力，从而导致钩针侧向弯曲，过度磨损和机器空转。

International contributors review the current understanding of the biology and cellular mechanisms along with relevant research so you can easily apply them to the pathophysiology of the numerous disorders that botulinum toxin is used to treat—such as botulinum toxin applications for the treatment of cranial-cervical dystonias, motor disorders in cerebral palsy, bruxism and temporomandibular disorders, headache, overactive bladder, chronic pelvic pain syndromes, arthritis joint pain, and wound healing.

编写本书的几位国际专家回顾了当前对生物学和细胞机制的认识及相关研究，便于读者了解那些应用肉毒毒素治疗的许多疾病的病理生理学——如应用肉毒毒素治疗治疗头颈部肌张力障碍、脑瘫运动障碍、磨牙症和颞下颌关节紊乱病、头痛、膀胱过度活动症、慢性盆腔疼痛综合征、关节炎关节疼痛和创口愈合。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。