引起血管收缩的

When heating bolster, it can make people falling asleep quickly and reduce insomnia, and help relieve cold symptoms, head vasoconstriction pain due to chillness and dizziness caused by poor blood supply.

热垫时可快速入睡减少失眠，缓解感冒症状和头部因寒冷引起的血管收缩疼痛以及供血不足引起的头昏。

These results suggest that the inhibitoryeffect of sevoflurane on Ang II-induced vasoconstriction is,at least in part, caused by the inhibition of the p44/42 MAPK-mediatedsignaling pathway.

这一结果表明：七氟醚对於血管紧张素 II 介导的血管收缩的抑制作用，至少部分是由於对 p44/42 MAPK 介导的信号通道的抑制引起。

Results: The total saponins of Achyranthes Bidentata Blume not only had significantly inhibitive effects on NE-induced vasoconstriction, but also had direct relaxation effect on vascular smooth muscle.

结果：怀牛膝总皂苷不仅对NE引起的血管收缩有显著的抑制作用，而且还有直接舒张血管平滑肌的作用。

Estrogen can cause fetal congenital heart defects, large vascular malformation, hydrocephalus, cerebral meningocele, visceral malformations, hydrocephalus, meningeal, bulging, visceral malformations, feminization of male fetus, penile deformity , cervical abnormalities, but also easy to cause miscarriage, stillbirth and ectopic pregnancy.

雌激素可引起胎儿先天性心脏缺陷，大血管畸形，脑积水，脑脊膜膨出，内脏畸形，脑积水，脑脊膜，膨出，内脏畸形，男胎女性化，阴茎畸形，宫颈畸形等，还易引起流产，死胎和异位妊娠。2、黄体酮可使妇胎生殖器男性化，出现阴蒂肥大，阴唇吻合等。3、先锋霉素：可通过胎盘屏障碍进入羊水中，对胎儿的安全性有影响。4、如有子宫收缩可引起先兆流产或先兆早产，应去医院请医生处方遵医嘱应用硫酸舒喘灵等舒缓平滑肌收缩的药物直至子宫收缩停止。

There are four kind of isoforms of endothelin in human and other mammals named ET-1, ET-2, ET-3 and ET-β, which are slightly different in construction and pharmacological effect. In human beings, ET-1 is the dominative subtypes. ET-1 remains in blood at a low level about 5ng per liter on physical state. It is synthesized, stored, released and metabolized locally. The half-life of ET-1 is about 1 hour. ET-1 is the most potent vasoconstrictive factor till now, and it is more functional in vein than in artery. In vascular bed, there are two kind of ET receptors. Type A mainly located in smooth muscle cells, whereas type B in endothelial cells. The latter can stimulate intimal hyperplasia via a parasecretion way and activate some oncogenes such as c-fos and c-myc and then enhance their expression. These alterations result in constriction of blood vessels, thus the SMC steps into proliferate state from silent state.

人及哺乳动物体内有四种结构及药理学性质略有差异的异物体，分别为ET-1、ET-2、ET-3、ET-β，而在人主要是ET-1，在生理条件下，ET-1在血浆中含量较低，约为5ng〓，故ET-1不是一个循环激素，而是局部合成释放，局部起作用的活性物质，半衰期约1小时，ET-1是目前已知的最强的血管收缩剂，对静脉的作用比动脉强，在血管床，ET受体有A、B两型，A型主要分布在平滑肌细胞，B型主要分布在内皮细胞，它可以通过旁分泌途径刺激内膜增生，具有有丝分裂原效应，可以激活某些癌基因如C-fos、C-myc使其表达增强引起血管收缩，使静止期SMC进入增殖期，还可以通过信号传导途径，与bFGF、GTF-β、PDGF等生长因子协同作用，起共有丝分裂原作用。

If the cause is loss of volume, intravenous fluids should be supplemented; if vasodilatation (f. ex. due to large doses of epidural analgesia or habitual anti-hypertensive medication), the treatment is not fluid but is the dose adjustment of the provoking factor or vasoconstricting agents as e.g., Ephedrine.

如果低血压由液体不足引起，应增加静脉补液量；如果血管扩张（例如，因为大剂量硬膜外麻醉或习惯性的抗高血压治疗），则不需液体治疗而是调整扩血管药物的剂量，或使用血管收缩剂，比如麻黄碱。

As the temperature of rat aorta was raised, the vasoconstrictive force and vasoconstrictive speed increased, and the effects of norepinephrine on vasculature were raised. The results suggest that the constant X1 for vasoconstrictive force is a factor sensitive to temperature.

认为NE引起的血管收缩张力的大小，显然也处于温度的影响之下；随着温度的升高，血管收缩张力变大，收缩速率变快，NE对血管的作用效力增强；且张力因子X1是温度敏感因子。

Our experiment showed that addition of benzydamine induced vasorelaxation in the denuded aorta precontracted with KCl in the normal krebs.

实验结果亦显示，benzydamine能抑制高钾所引起的收缩作用，并且藉由在无钙之Krebs溶液中，经benzydamine前处理的血管给予高钾刺激之后，再给予钙离子刺激血管收缩，发现其能抑制外钙内流所造成的血管收缩作用。

Our results indicated that (1)SO_2 derivatives could dose-dependently relax the isolated aorta rings with or without endothelium precontracted by NE, no difference was found for the rings with and without endothelium;(2)Levels of cAMP and 6-Keto(PGI_2) in isolated aortic rings were increased by SO_2 derivatives in a dose-dependent way, which were independent of endothelium;(3)SO_2 derivatives decreased cGMP levels in the rings, but not significantly; The decrease of cGMP levels was also independent of endothelium;(4)No changes of TXB_2 in rings with or without endothelium were observed;(5)Whether presence or absence of endothelium, cAMP/cGMP and 6-Keto/TXB_2 ratios were increased significantly.

结果：①SO_2衍生物对去甲肾上腺素预收缩的内皮完整和去除内皮的大鼠胸主动脉血管环均呈浓度依赖性舒张作用，且其张力变化在内皮完整与去内皮的血管环之间无显著性差异；②SO_2衍生物可引起血管组织中cAMP、6-Keto(即PGI_2)含量剂量依赖性增加，其增加程度与内皮无关；③SO_2衍生物对血管环cGMP含量呈降低趋势但在统计学上无显著意义，且对去除内皮血管无显著影响；④SO_2衍生物对去内皮或内皮完整血管环的TXB_2含量均无明显影响；⑤无论是否去除内皮，SO_2衍生物均可引起cAMP／cGMP和6-Keto／TXB_2比值显著升高。

Histamine causes vasoconstriction and increased permeability of small venules.

组织胺能引起血管收缩，并增强小静脉的透性。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。