引起因素

This article, from psychology angle, try to anglicize the significance that the intellective and nointellective factors in psychology influent the vocal teaching;explore that in college how to cultivate the students' ability to master intellective and nointellective factors, so as to promote the further study of psychology phenomenon in vocal teaching.

本文主要从心理学的角度入手，试图通过分析心理现象中智力因素与非智力因素在高校声乐教学中的重要意义，探究如何在高校声乐教学中培养和把握智力因素和非智力因素，从而引起人们对高校声乐教学中心理现象的更多关注，促进有关高校声乐教学中心理现象的进一步研究工作。

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

Its variation characteristics before earthquakes are found,meanwhile the factors which will affect the variation of earth tide are analyzed,which can be taken as references for removing interferes and improving accuracy of earthquake prediction.

月球和太阳对地球的引力不但可以引起地球表面流体的潮汐，还能引起地球固体部分的周期性形变。到目前为止，在引起固体地球形变的种种因素例如冰雪和海水的负荷、大陆漂移、岩石层的构造运动

This article introduced the general situation of the domestic and international ice jam research and the necessity of the water level research firstly.

文章首先介绍了国内外冰情研究的概况以及进行冰塞水位研究的必要性，接着，详细论述了冰盖的形成条件及形成过程，冰塞的形成机理及冰塞在空间发展的一般规律，由冰塞所引起的水位变化过程，影响冰塞水位的河势因素、热力因素、水流动力因素及人为因素等。

This article introduced the general situation of the domestic and international ice jam research and the necessity of the water level research firstly. In succession, discussed the formation condition and the formation process of the ice cover in detail, the ice jam formation mechanism and the general regulation of development in the space, the water level variety process that caused by ice jam, factors that influence the ice jam water level: the river power factor, the thermodynamic energy factor, the water current dynamical factor and artificial factor etc..

文章首先介绍了国内外冰情研究的概况以及进行冰塞水位研究的必要性，接着，详细论述了冰盖的形成条件及形成过程，冰塞的形成机理及冰塞在空间发展的一般规律，由冰塞所引起的水位变化过程，影响冰塞水位的河势因素、热力因素、水流动力因素及人为因素等。

The third part elaborates the strategy of selectivity attention and the factors which affect it, then combining with the design of web-based course "The Design of Active Sever Page" which was designed by the writer, elaborates how to apply the strategy of selectivity attention in the the web-based course: 1 design clear navigator; 2 ascertain the target of instruction; 3 take problem as the direction to cause the student's attention;4 the preceding analysises: the analysis of the need of study, the analysis of learner and the analysise of study content; 5 combining muultiual sensorial passages to present the stimulability to course the attention of the learner; 6 enhance the characteristic of the main body to cause the student's attention;7 emphasize the student's position as main body.

第三部分详细介绍选择性注意策略及影响选择性注意策略的因素，之后结合笔者设计的《 ASP 动态网页设计》网络课程具体阐述网络课程中选择性注意策略的应用：1设计清晰的导航；2确定可观察可测量的教学目标；3以问题为导向引起学生的注意；4前端分析：学习需求分析、学习者分析和学习内容分析；5多通道结合呈现刺激，引起学习者的注意；6强化主体的特征引起学生的注意；7强调学生的主体地位。

The main reason of wind vibration is a pulsant part of nature wind, unremitting vibration may bring large distortion and stress in the structure, and at the same time, it will bring fatigue damnification to the structure.

自然风中的脉动风分量是引起结构风激振动的主要因素，持续的振动可引起建筑幕墙结构产生较大的变形及应力，同时引起结构的疲劳损伤。

Spatial heterogeneity of the eggs and adults in higher density, adults in lower density were caused by random factors, but spatial variability of the 2~4 instars nymphs in the higher density, and of the eggs and 2~4 instars nymphs in the lower density were spatially autocorrelated.

在高密度下卵和成虫及低密度下成虫的空间异质性是由随机因素引起，而高密度下2~4龄若虫及低密度下卵和2~4龄若虫的空间异质性是由空间的自相关因素引起。

Based on the analysis of the factors caused land subsidence, the internal mechanism and development process of land subsidence caused by two mainly factors of dewatering and underground mining have been studyed in this thesis. The random medium model and methods have been established to calculate the land subsidence and deformation caused by dewatering or underground minging and both of them. The prediction problem of land subsidence and deformation caused by single factor and many factors has been solved.

本文在分析引起地面沉降原因的基础上，针对引起地面沉降变形的主要因素——地下水疏降和固体矿物开采，分析、研究了其引起地面沉降变形的内在机理和发展过程，推导出地下水疏降和地下固体矿物开采引起的地面沉降变形计算的随机介质模型，给出了具体的计算方法和计算步骤，并将固体矿物开采和岩土体疏水等导致地表沉降视为相互独立的事件，解决了固体矿物开采和地下水疏降共同作用下的地面沉降变形的线性叠加计算问题。

Especially, the size and volume of sand-mound has constant variation at under the 100 m scale in the alluvial fan, and has random spatial pattern without law.

湖盆低地由自相关因素引起的沙堆大小和积沙体积空间异质性占主要部分，分别体现在1.2～84 m和1.2～505 m尺度；而山前冲积扇的随机因素引起的沙堆大小和积沙体积空间异质性占到100％，在100 m以下尺度该区白刺灌丛沙堆大小和积沙体积具有恒定的变异，其空间分布格局在这个尺度无规律体现呈随机分布。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。