引流管

Methods Clinical data of 51 patients with PRF were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 51 cases, 12 were treated with the ureteroscopic holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy and stenting after it, 29 with retrograde intubation under cystoscope, 10 with retrograde intubation under cystoscope and percutaneous nephrostomy.

对51例不同梗阻原因致肾后性急性肾功能衰竭的患者，采用急诊输尿管镜下钬激光碎石并置管引流（12例）、膀胱镜下逆行双J管插管（29例）、膀胱镜下逆行双J管插管联合经皮肾穿刺造瘘引流（10例）解除梗阻，回顾性分析其治疗效果。

Methods use root tube drainage or toot tube treating after opening a window in apical labium,conservative treatment on apical cyst,use the root tube filling agent suitable filling.

采用根管引流或根尖部唇侧开窗引流后根管充填剂适当超填方法保守治疗根尖囊肿。

Methods autohemic blood from femoral artery of dogs was taken and injected to one side pleural cavity with the same volume of normal saline and air to establish a model of hemopneurothorax on dogs .then 24 the dogs were divided into experimental group and control group at random with 12 dogs in each group. to observe and analyze the time of chest tube insertion,the intensity of resistance to pulling and drainage effect between the thoracentesis technique of invented minute invasion closed-chest drainage and traditional closed-chest drainage.

利用家犬自体股动脉穿刺采血注入一侧胸腔、同时注入等量盐水及空气的方法建立家犬血气胸模型，并将其随机分成实验组（n=12）和对照组（n=12），观察分析自制微创胸腔闭式引流装置与传统胸腔闭式引流装置的置管时间、抗拉强度、引流效果等。

T tube drainage was able to decrease bile viscosity effectively.The number of bacteria decreased significantly until 21 postoperative days.The time that T tube is drawn out is on 14 postoperative days.Bacteria may exist in bile continuously and play a role on relapse of choledochitis and bile duct stone.

胆汁中的细菌和粘度升高在胆管结石形成中起协同作用。T管引流能有效地降低胆汁粘度，而胆汁中细菌量在引流术后第3周才有显著减少，临床2周时拨除T管细菌可潜伏下来，对胆管炎和胆管结石的复发可能起作用。

Methods From March 1992 to January 2005, there were 395 cases undergoing LCDET, involving choledochotomy, electrohydralic lithothipsy, dilation stenosis, stent placement and T-tube drainage.

从1992年3月～2005年1月，运用腹腔镜胆总管探查T管引流术的手术方式，包括胆总管切开，胆管镜取石，液电碎石，扩张狭窄，放置支架，T管引流，对395例病人进行治疗。

Main methods included choledochotomy, choledochoscopic exploration,ureteral catheter through cystic duct remnant for drainage of bile duct,Ttube drainage,and the primary closure of duct incision.

1993年10月至2005年3月运用腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术(包括胆总管切开，胆管镜取石，经胆囊管残端输尿管导管胆管引流、T管引流、胆总管切口即时缝合等)有选择地对87例胆总管内径≤08cm的胆总管结石病人进行治疗。

All cases were given debridement, and changed the pattern of fracture fixation or adjusting the position of outer fixation device. Then the VAC was applied in a region- and layer-wise manner in the intermuscular space, interjoint space and the interfracture space., The sequential and time of tube withdrawal was decided by tube position and drainage pattern. with drainage changes every 5~7 days according to the drainage state. The drainage were applied 1~4 times per case, averaging out at 2.2 times.

所有病例均先行清创，更换骨折固定类型或调整外固定架固定位置，在感染的肌肉间隙、关节间隙、骨折间隙等分区应用、分层应用VAC，并根据置管部位和引流情况决定拔管次序和时间， 5～7天根据引流情况进行更换引流装置，应用次数为1～4次/例，平均2.2次/例。

The ureteroscopic holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy can he the first choice for the post-renal acute renal failure associated with upper urinary tract stones, due to its safety and efficiency. At the same time, retrograde intubation under cystoscope and percutaneous nephrostomy will be helpful.

上尿路梗阻是肾后性急性肾功能衰竭的主要原因，如能明确是结石引起的肾后性肾功能衰竭，应首选输尿管镜下钬激光碎石并置管引流；如不能明确，膀胱镜下逆行插管和经皮肾穿刺造瘘引流也是可行的急诊有效方法。

Results:There were no abdominal pain and fever,jaundice faded away gradually postoperation.Biliary drainage was 300ml-1000ml/d more or less.Colour of bile changed into normal by degrees.Intra peritoneal drainage was open and the colour was light bloody.Amount of drainage dropped off day after day.Whole blood cell test, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase,serum glutamic oxalacetic transarninase,total serum protein,serum albumin and serum globulin returned to normal in first week postoperation.Serum bilirubin,serum glutamyltranspetidase and serum alkaline phosphatase declined gradually in first week postoperation.T-tube was clipped at twelfth day postoperation.T-tube Cholangiography was clear at 24~ day postoperation.

结果：术后无上腹部绞痛、高热，黄疸逐渐减退，每日引流胆汁300ml-1000ml不等，由淡黄色混浊、内有胆泥过渡到金黄色清亮的正常胆汁，腹腔引流通畅，引流液为淡红色，量从最初的200ml迅速过渡到10ml，血常规、血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白等1周内均恢复正常，血清总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素、谷氨酰转肽酶、碱性磷酸酶逐渐下降，术后12d夹闭T管，术后24d T管造影提示左、右肝管及胆总管下端通畅，无狭窄。

To observe and analyze the time of chest tube insertion,the intensity of resistance to pulling and drainage effect between the thoracentesis technique of invented minute invasion closed-chest drainage and traditional closed-chest drainage.

利用家犬自体股动脉穿刺采血注入一侧胸腔、同时注入等量盐水及空气的方法建立家犬血气胸模型，并将其随机分成实验组（n=12）和对照组（n=12），观察分析自制微创胸腔闭式引流装置与传统胸腔闭式引流装置的置管时间、抗拉强度、引流效果等。

This paper discusses design and realizable methods of remote test output interface from logical design angle.

本文从逻辑设计的角度讨论遥测输出接口的设计及实现方法。

This also 星体投射plies to buildings, structures and geological features.

这也适用于建筑物和地质特征。