引入的

In order to further the research on intellectualizing of arborescences, lattice theory is applied on arborescences by defining zero element. At the same time, it is proved that an arborescence coith zero element is a lattice under a partially ordering relation.

为了促进树形图结构的智能化研究，通过引入零元的概念将树形图结构转化为格结构，证明了加入零元的树形图可在给定序关系下构成格，进而将格的有关理论引入树形图的逻辑运算中。

Introducing the market mechanism into the community management in our country, mainly requires us to build the competition atmosphere, to pay attention to cost analysis, to stress working efficiency, to promote the spirit of serving and to strengthen quality conscious in the community management; whereas in some specific fields, we should digest different market operations and make innovations according to the characteristics of different situations; as to the problems mat may bring into the community management of our county while introducing the market mechanism into it, can be solved by determining the functionary bounder of the market mechanism in community management, strengthening community's institutional construction concerning to the market mechanism and perfecting the community's laws and regulations.

我国社区管理中引入市场机制，主要要求在社区管理中营造竞争氛围、注重成本分析、讲究工作效率、提升服务精神以及强化质量意识；而在社区管理的具体领域，要根据不同领域的特点，将一些市场运作方式融入其中并予以创新；对于我国社区管理中引入市场机制可能带来的种种问题，可以从明确市场机制在社区管理中的作用边界、强化涉及市场机制的社区制度建设以及完善有关的社区法律法规三方面来进行规避。

A differential equation is introduced to construct canonical dual function. The corresponding perfect duality theory is established to show the relationship between the KKT points of the primal problem and the canonical dual problem.

通过引入常微分方程和构造Canonical对偶函数的局部形式，引入了相应的对偶定理，勾勒出了原问题的KKT点和对偶问题的KKT点两者之间的关系。

The results showed that a small number of short carbon chains were introduced into structure of polycarbosilane when mixed ratios of PVC were in the range of 3\%$\sim$7\% by the polymerization.

结果表明，在PVC的引入量适当的条件下，通过共热聚将少量的短碳链引入到聚碳硅烷结构中，使SiC--C纤维的电阻率显著降低到10$^{-1}\sim$10$^{1}\Omega\cdot$cm，并保持了良好的结晶性和耐氧化性。

Diversification effect is the key to the economic capital allocation, the consistency of principle Meeting no undercut and the corresponding gradient method was introduced to the economic capital allocation; the residual risk based on the risk and cost also was introduced to the allocation of economic capital.

组合效应是经济资本配置的关键，满足无缩减性的一致性原则及相应的梯度法被引入到经济资本配置的研究中；基于风险和成本相统一的风险残余法也被引入到经济资本配置的研究。

By introducing the exogenous supply shock variable into Phillips Curve and adding asset prices (e. g. housing price and stock price) and the exogenous demand shock variable to IS Curve, this paper applies GMM method to estimate the extended IS-PC Model between 1996 and 2006. The empirical results show that housing price has a notable positive impact on the output gap, while share price doesn't have. Lastly, the article puts forward corresponding enlightenments.

本文在菲利普斯曲线的解释变量中引入外部供给冲击变童，在IS曲线中引入了房价、股价等资产价格和外部需求冲击变量，以我国1996-2006年的季度数据为样本、采用GMM方法佑计了扩展后的IS-PC模型，实证结果显示房价对产出缺口有显著的正向影响而股价对产出缺口的影响不显著，并在此基础上提出了相应的政策启示。

At present, most of the image watermarking algorithms based on the wavelet transform fail to take into account the shortcoming that the first generation wavelet transform used in image processing will introduce quantization errors inevitably, because of the storing characteristics of the image. Wavelet transform that maps integers to integers will not introduce quantization errors. Its time-frequency analysis method and multi-scale property accordant with human being vision system makes integer wavelet transform an ideal way for digital watermarking.

目前，大多数基于小波变换的图像水印算法没有考虑到第一代小波变换用于图像处理中不可避免的引入量化误差的缺点，而整数小波变换除了具有小波的多分辨率分析与人类视觉特性一致、具有良好的时频特性等优点以外，还避免了第一代小波变换用于图像处理中引入量化误差等缺点。

Both the spousal transmission and mothertochild transmission resulted in higher intrafamilial transmission rate (47.8%[32/67] for familial transmission,40.9% [27/66] for MTCT,and 16.5% [19/115] for spousal transmission).Intrafamilial transmission rates of HIV by wife and husband carriers were 38.5%(37/96) and 9.5%(2/21),respectively.The intrafamilial transmission rate was higher in familes with younger wife infector and long time existense of spousal transmission risk factor.The MTCT was not influenced by the time of MTCT factor existence.

家庭内夫妻传播和母婴传播危险因素并存导致家庭传播率高达47.8%(32/67)，存在母婴传播因素的家庭传播率为40.9%(27/66)，存在夫妻传播因素的家庭传播率为16.5%(19/115)，妻子作为家庭引入病例导致38.5%(37/96)的家庭传播率，丈夫作为家庭引入病例的家庭传播率为9.5%(2/21)；妻子感染时的年龄越小，家庭传播率越高；夫妻传播危险因素存续时间越长，家庭夫妻传播率越高；母婴传播危险因素存续时间长短不影响家庭母婴传播率。

Secondly, the power system fault diagnosis analytic model which use both protect andswitch action information is proposed in this paper, it can be described as 0-1 integerprogramming with nonrestraint, reshut break is introused in the analytic model and introducethe contribution factor to the protect, this model solve the fault diagnosis problem in which theprotect information is lack in a certain extent, and present the experienced formular which isused to decide all kinds of protect contribution factor.

然后，提出同时利用保护和断路器动作信息的电力系统故障诊断的解析模型，其可以描述为一个无约束 0-1 整数规划问题，将重合闸引入故障诊断的解析模型并且对保护引入贡献因子，给出确定各种保护贡献因子的经验公式。这种模型在一定程度上解决了数据信息不完整时的电力系统故障诊断问题。

Governmental procurement that introduces market competitive system into the repartition and use of finance capital, is an important means to manage public payment.

政府采购将市场竞争机制引入到财政资金的分配和使用中来，通过公开招标采购，从而控制政府支出，保证采购资金的节约使用，实际上是在市场经济条件下对公共支出管理的一种重要手段。在我国，政府采购的观念才刚刚引入，对政府采购制度的研究更是十分薄弱。

It seems likely that Kraft will return with a better offer.

看起来卡夫要重新考虑一个更好的出价了。

But he'd rather burn off my feelers and watch me squirm.

可他却放任那个家伙对我为所欲为！