引入

The sensitivity gradient can be calculated in a very cheap way through an adjoint system,which makes it a huge advantage in reducing cost.

基于控制理论的气动设计方法作为一种基于梯度的优化方法，通过引入伴随系统计算目标函数的敏感性导数，大大降低设计成本。

Then, the relations between the general nonlinear systems and its adjoint system were discussed, from which the sufficient and necessity conditions for exact linearization of general nonlinear control systems were obtained.

近20年来，由于微分几何等数学工具的引入，非线性控制系统的理论取得了长足的进展［1］，其中包括仿射非线性系统的精确线性化［2～4］。

Then, the relations between the general nonlinear systems and its adjoint system were discussed, from which the sufficient and necessity conditions for exact linearization of general nonlinear control systems were obtained. The conclusions include the corresponding results of the affine nonlinear systems.

引入一类相关的仿射非线性系统，通过研究一般非线性系统与其伴随系统的关系，利用伴随系统的精确线性化结论，获得一般非线性系统精确线性化的充要条件，其结果包含了仿射非线性系统的已有结果。

This dissertation also proposes a concept of adjunction between fuzzyconjunctions and fuzzy implications, which guarantees that fuzzy conjunctions andfuzzy implications are able to be determined uniquely each other.

我们还引入了模糊合取和蕴涵算子之间的"伴随关系"的概念，从而使得模糊合取和模糊蕴涵在"伴随关系"意义下形成一对相互之间可以唯一确定和表示的算子。

Be semmetry of interest rate structure principle and principle of quantitative structure semmetry introduce capital fund indebted combination is optimized in, controlled a bank to run medium liquidity risk and interest rate risk, protect the security of bank shareholder rights and interests, the lawful sex that assured bank assets admeasure and add up to compasses sex.

二是将利率结构对称原理和数量结构对称原理引入资产负债组合优化中，控制了银行经营中的流动性风险与利率风险，保护银行股东权益的安全，保证了银行资产配给的合法性与合规性。

Since a proposed application of Dirac structures is to the reduction of some mechanical systems, the reduction of Dirac structures is considered in detail in this paper, without using the existence of momentum mappings or the introducing of the notion of admissible function, etc..

因为引入Dirac结构的—个基本目的即应用于一些力学系统的约化，本文详细地讨论了Dirac结构的约化问题，包括其在Poisson流形以及Jacobi流形等的约化中的重要应用，重点利用了Dirac结构的特征对以及对偶特征对的工具，从而避开了讨论矩映射的存在性以及容许函数等一些复杂概念的介入。

The boundary conditions and the continuity conditions were satisfied by means of artificial springs introduced between the disk and the blades, which greatly simplified the choice of admissible function in Ritz procedure.

模型用Timoshinko梁模拟叶片，用平板模拟轮盘，并在叶片和轮盘间引入弹簧元件模拟叶片和轮盘间的耦合关系，简化了两者间的边界条件和连续性条件。

Because the data separate, the adulatory property are big, easily influenced by a variety of factors outside, this is also determined by the characteristics of Small and medium technology enterprises. The theory of Gray Correlative Analysis makes up for the lack of Mathematical Statistics inGray

因此本文对数据进行了预处理，以消除噪声和去除干扰因素，并在此基础上引入了灰色关联度理论，对安徽省中小型科技企业的发展因素进行灰关联分析，最后针对其发展提出一些对策和建议。

European goosefoot with strong-scented foliage; adventive in eastern North America.

欧洲的一种藜属植物，叶具有强烈的气味；被引入北美东部。

They suggest that consumers should be not leaded to the crossroads by no truely advertizement.

他们建议消费者不要被虚假广告引入歧途。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。