引入

In addition if integral action is directly introduced into the control law, a three-dimensional fuzzy controller is formed.

此外，如果整体的行动是直接引入控制法，三维模糊控制器组成。

A novel sliding-mode control is designed with a load thrust observer for the Linear Permanent Magnetism Synchronous Motors,in order to compensate the disturbance and effectively minimize the system chattering;introducing an integral action in the sliding mode to eliminate the system error and chattering.

针对永磁同步直线电机提出了一种基于负载推力观测器的新型滑模变结构控制，从而实现对推力扰动的补偿，且大大削弱了推力纹波及系统的抖振；在滑动模态中引入积分环节来进一步消除系统的稳态误差和系统抖振。

In this paper, based on MPEG 2 Test Model 5 (TM5) bit rate control algorithm, there are some improvements proposed:① an intelligent integral action is proposed for improving the control precision of bit rate;② after using DCT AC coefficients to define the measure of macroblock and picture coding difficulty, an improvement on target bits allocation is proposed for the decoded picture quality and conformance including scene change, which can adjust the target bits allocation adaptively by their measure.

针对MPEG－2测试模型5（TM5）比特速率控制算法进行了以下改进：①引入一种智能积分作用，有利于提高比特速率的控制精度；②采用DCT交流系数定义宏块和图象的编码难度测度，然后提出了改进的目标编码量分配策略，即根据编码难度测度自适应调整图象和宏块的目标编码量，有利于提高包括场景变化在内的图象解码质量及其一致性。

After a brief review about the problems of bit rate control for MPEG video coding, two optimizations are proposed based on MPEG-2 Test Model 5 (TM5) algorithm:①An intelligent integral action is introduced for improving the control precision of bit rate;②After using DCT AC coefficients to define the measure of macroblock and picture coding difficulty, an improvement on target bits allocation is proposed for the decoded picture quality and conformance including scene change, which can ajust the target bits allocation adaptively by their measure.

文中首先对MPEG视频编码比特速率的控制问题作了简要回顾，然后针对MPEG-2测试模型5(TM5)算法进行了以下优化：①引入一种智能积分作用，有利于提高比特速率的控制精度；②采用DCT交流系数定义宏块和图象的编码难度测度，然后提出了优化的目标编码量分配策略，即根据编码难度测度自适应调整图象和宏块的目标编码量，这样有利于提高包括场景变化在内的图象解码质量及其一致性。

After a detailed analysis of the forces in subway train's running, the dynamics mathematical model of subway train is constructed; the eventbased control technology is adopted to solve the controlling of subway, the velocity and acceleration function with respect to the distance are deduced by introducing the action reference variable in the control problem which the object is to minimize the running time. The running scheme can be programmed in realtime, the delay caused by uncertain events is avoided. So it offers a new way for the metro research.

分析了地铁列车运行过程中的受力情况，建立了地铁列车的力学模型；将基于事件的控制技术应用到地铁列车的控制中，通过引入运动参考变量，求出在以站间最小运行时间为最终目标的列车控制中，列车速度、加速度等关于列车运行距离的函数表达式，从而可以根据列车走行距离来实时调整和规划地铁的运行规律，避免人为因素或不确定性因素导致的列车运行晚点，为研究地铁列车的规划提供了一种新的方法。

The company has accumulated rich experience, while actively introduce advanced production equipment to provide better products and services.

公司积累了丰富的经验，同时积极引入先进的生产设备，从而提供更优质的产品与服务。

Starting from amino acids, the synthesis methods of N-alkyl and acyl derivatives of polyhydroxylated alkaloids were founded.

以氨基酸作为引入侧链的起始化合物，建立了多羟基生物碱的N-烷基化和酰基化衍生物的合成方法。

In Chapter 4 windowed function of data signal processing is introduced and applied to addition theorem, which succeeds in solving the difficult problem: it has a bad result when recursive T-matrix is applied to calculate the wave scattering of electrically large objects and multiple objects in the excitation of TE wave.

在第四章中引入数字信号处理中的窗函数，成功解决了在入射波为TE波时，用递推T矩阵法计算电大尺寸物体或多个散射体时，精度不高的问题。

Also, in real life, it is not uncommon for designers to make manual changes to a netlist, commonly known as Engineering Change Orders, or ECOs, thereby introducing a major additional error factor.

另外，在现实生活中，这并非罕见设计师进行手动更改了网表，即通常所称的工程变更令，或回声，从而引入更多的错误的一个主要因素。

At first,as weintroduce the concept of gauge function for stochastic to discuss the local time ofadditive Lévy process,so we get a necessary and sufficient condition for theexistence of the local time for a class of additive Levy processes.

本文主要在以下几个方面有所创新：第一，由于引入了规范函数来讨论可加Lévy过程的局部时，因而取得了比其它同类文章更好的结果：对一类可加Lévy过程得到了其局部时存在的充要条件。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。