引入

In the frame, Design Structure Matrix is the tool to build up the models of product structure and development process. The product structure topology tree is defined, and the product structure DSM model is introduced. The formalized description about development process model is presented. The characteristics of the tools to build up development process are analyzed, the strongpoint of DSM is discussed, and the development process model based on DSM is introduced. The relation between product structure and development process is analyzed.

在研究框架中引入了产品结构和开发过程的建模工具——设计结构矩阵(Design Structure Matrix， DSM)；给出了产品结构拓朴树的定义及其形式化描述，并在此基础上引入了产品结构DSM模型；给出了产品开发过程模型的形式化描述，比较了几种常见的产品开发过程建模工具，分析了用DSM建模工具进行产品开发过程建模的优势，引入了产品开发过程DSM模型；分析了产品结构与开发过程之间的联系，提出了两者之间的集成机制，并在此基础上给出了IM-PSDP模型。

Results The uncertainty from sampling,standard stock solution diluted, standard curve and recoveries are the key factors.

结果 不确定度的主要来源：（1）采样引入的不确定度；（2）标准溶液配制引入的不确定度；（3）工作曲线拟合时引入的不确定度；（4）回收率不确定度。

The analysis of SAR reveals that the activities of target compounds are closely associated with the electron-withdrawing substituents at the para position of 1-aryl-1, 2, 4 -triazoles as well as with the substituents such as sulfonyl and methylthio groups at the 3 position of 1, 2, 4 -triazoles; And the introduction of sulfamoyl moiety at the para position of 5-aryl-1,2,4-triazoles also has significant influence on the anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds.

构效关系分析发现，在三唑环1位芳基的对位引入F、Cl、Br吸电子基团以及3位引入磺酰基和甲硫基，对抗炎活性有重要的意义；在三唑环5位芳基的对位引入氨磺酰基，对抗炎活性有较大影响。

But he did the first sound in animation, the first color, the first compositing of animation with live action, and the first applications of xerography in animation production.

事实上是他最早在动画引入声音，引入色彩，引入动画与真实表演的结合，最早在动画制作中使用静电复印术。

It is found that the fouling rate is lowered during subcooled fow boiling by carrying gas injection, and the influence of carrying gas injection on fouling of convective heat transfer is more obvious than that of subcooled flow boiling; morphology of CaCO〓 crystallization fouling exhibits self-similarity and the fractal dimensions of CaCO〓 crystallization fouling are determined from the gray scale distribution of the SEM images by box-dimension method. The value of the crystallization fouling surface fractal dimensions reveals the complexity of the surface, and can be used as an import parameter for the investigation of influence of carrying gas injection on scale formation.

实验发现：引入载气，过冷流动沸腾结垢速率降低，但引入载气对过冷流动沸腾结垢速率的影响要弱于对对流传热结垢速率的影响；CaCO〓结晶垢具有统计自相似性，即分形特征；用盒子维法测定了CaCO〓结晶垢的分维值，分维值的大小反映了换热面上生成的结晶垢表面复杂程度，可用于描述引入载气对污垢的形成作用。

The hypothesis on the equivalence in non conservative system is set up for irreversible process on the basis of bring\|in of the nonconservative noninertial system;and the hypothesis on the covariance in non conservative system is put forth for the space time with complex action on the basis of bring\|in of the ultra gauge.

在引入非保守非惯性系的基础上对不可逆过程建立非保守系等效性假设，在引入广域度规的基础上对具有复杂行为的时空建立非保守系协变性假设；利用密度分布的不均匀度h和粗粒熵S及推导的多标度因数η计算式，引入非保守惯性质量和非保守引力质量。

A series of reforms had carried out: competition has been introduced in railage to disintegrate the administrational monopoly system; measures are taken to separate the operation airport and aviation, more and more competitors joined in, a competitive market had come into being gradually; to increase the efficiency, different capital were invited the building compete each other; the competitive market structure has formed.

我国还进行了一系列的改革：铁路方面引入竞争，打破&大一统&的行政垄断管理体制；民航实行&场航分离&，增加竞争主体，逐步形成竞争性的民航市场；公路输运业在基础设施建设方面引入多元化资本，引入竞争，提高效率。各个运输方式之间也展开了激烈的竞争，运输市场竞争格局初步形成。

The reconstruction problem is ill-posed, so two optimal criterions, the least module and the smoothness criterion base on Tikhonov regularization technique, are introduced into reconstruction algorithm. Many regularization parameters choice strategies are investigated, and the TPA(Two—Parameter Algorithm) strategy which is based on the Morozov discrepancy principles, is implemented in two regularization reconstruction algorithms.Numerical experiment results show that the nonnegative and smoothness constraint condition can overcome the difficulty of iteration semiconvergent, preconditioned technique can improve convergence rate and reconstruction accuracy, smoothness regularization criterion can meliorate ill-posed problem of reconstruction and enhance iteration stability, and the TPA is an effective strategy of regularization parameters choice.

数值试验表明：在共轭梯度法中引入非负约束和光滑约束改善了迭代的&半收敛&性，非负约束保证了解的非负性，光滑约束抑制了重建解的振荡现象，约束算法的重建精度与无约束算法相比大幅度提高；在约束共轭梯度重建算法中引入预优技术，可以加快算法的收敛速度，提高迭代的稳定性和重建精度；引入光滑准则的正则化技术可以有效改善图像重建问题的不适定性，加快迭代的收敛速度，提高迭代的稳定性和图像重建质量，计算正则参数的TPA算法在闪光照相图像重建中是有效的。

The Additional Guide Star (with star flag 5) is come into use for improving the accuracy and speed of star identification. After the cases analysis of unsuccessful star identification, giving the guide star which always cause false star identification a given star flag(such as 6), which denote that the star is a Redundant Guide Star and can't take part in the star identification processing. Through the introduction of Redundant Guide Star, the accuracy of star identification is improving. The distribution of Additional Guide Stars spread all over the whole sky, even the star sparse area.

在选取导航星的过程中，位置精度阈值的引入，使得高精度的恒星作为导航星，为高精度的卫星姿态反演奠定了基础；辅助导航星的引入，与单一使用Tycho-2星表相比引入了大量的亮星(189颗辅助导航星遍及全天球，其中亮于3等星的恒星占34.4%)，且弥补了部分天区恒星稀疏无法满足星图识别条件的不足，这将十分有利于提高星图识别速度和识别率；冗余导航星的剔除，为进一步提高星图识别率提供了可能。

Ozwald Boateng has introduced coloured dress shirts for spring/summer; the plackets of Richard James's shirts are decorated with cascades of beadwork; while Swedish shirt giant Eton has introduced five styles to its collection of more than 30 variations of dress shirt, specifically with a view to them being worn casually.

奥斯华·宝顿为春/夏季引入了色彩丰富的礼服衬衫；理查德·詹姆斯衬衫的口袋有下垂的珠饰作为装饰；虽然瑞典衬衫巨头伊顿将5种风格引入了其30余种不同样式的礼服衬衫系列，特别是引入了休闲地穿着它们的观点。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。