引入

Then, interruptible load is introduced into transmission congestion management in the paper. The paper discusses the application of interruptible load to transmission congestion management in power pool market. Market risk of evade is very important in transmission congestion management. The FGR, FTR, TO are introduced into transmission congestion management, its concept and implement in bilateral market are discussed in the paper. It provides the valid means of evadable price risk for the market participant. The reasonable allocation of congestion cost is very important in transmission congestion management. The paper proposed a novel methodology for allocation of congestion cost based on the line flow analysis.

然后，将可中断负荷引入到输电阻塞管理中，对其在电力联营体交易市场模式下输电阻塞管理中的应用进行了全面阐述；市场风险的规避是输电阻塞管理中需要考虑的重要内容，本文将基于潮流的输电权、金融型输电权及输电期权引入到输电阻塞管理中，阐述了其基本概念以及在双边交易市场模式下的具体实施，为市场参与者提供了规避价格风险的有效手段；阻塞费用的合理分摊是输电阻塞管理中的重要内容，本文提出了一种基于阻塞线路潮流组成分析的阻塞费用分摊新方法。

The concept of influence degree of natural vibration period by cables is shown,and the influence of cables to the property of natural vibration of extradosed cable-stayed bridge s is analyzed by taking Xiaoxihu extradosed cable-stayed bridge in Lanzhou City as an example.

以小西湖矮塔斜拉桥为例，通过引入拉索自振频率影响度的概念，分析了拉索的存在对矮塔斜拉桥自振特性的影响，探讨了矮塔斜拉桥的自振特性与相应连续梁桥的区别；在分析矮塔斜拉桥地震反应的基础上，通过引入振型贡献率的概念，分析了高阶振型对矮塔斜拉桥动力性能的影响；分析了矮塔斜拉桥的振型耦联效应。

Fixtureless join of scraper conveyor cable pan using in mechanize working face;2. The join of hydraulic tractive shearer with electromotor crosswise arrangement;3. With the help of an example of drawing elastic loop s join into in-phase Gear of Boots blowers,dynamic system software ADAMS is utilized to analyze its driving process.

以罗茨鼓风机同步齿轮端引入弹性环联接为例，利用系统动力学软件ADAMS，对其传动过程进行动力学分析，得到了在引入弹性环联接后摩擦力变化曲线，弹性环安装精度对弹性环联接可靠性影响等有益弹性环应用的结论。

In addition, the common hydroxide coprecipitation method was improved by the introduction of spray-drying to the process, to make the powder flowable and therefore avoid the need to crush powder after oven-drying, to lower impurity level and to control agglomerate size.

另外，还改进了常用的氢氧化物共沉淀工艺，通过引入喷雾干燥的方法可避免结块现象，减少杂质引入并控制团聚体尺寸。

Wavelet transform is introduced into the study of scene matching. The first application is to reduce speckle noise in SAR images and the other one is using wavelet_based multiresolution analysis in hierarchical matching. A new nonlinear wavelet transform-morphologic Harr wavelet transform, which suit for hardware realization is presented for matching application.

3将小波变换引入到景象匹配研究之中，研究了两个方面的问题：一是SAR雷达图象的斑点噪声的抑制问题，二是将多分辨分析的思想引入到分层匹配之中，并提出了一种适合于硬件实现的非线性小波—形态学Harr小波变换。

A new crossover operator is proposed to keep goad genes and enhance the search performance. Local search mechanism is added into GA to find solutions for TA problems with a more rapid convergence speed. Simulated annealing is used to overcome the problem of local optimum. A heuristically greedy local search is also proposed to improve the search efficiency. The simulation results show that the improved algorithm can improve the search efficiency of GA.

构造了适合于目标分配问题的染色体；设计了搜索性能较好且能够保留优秀基因的交叉操作方法；将局部搜索机制引入标准遗传算法，提高了目标分配算法的收敛速度；把模拟退火算法引入局部搜索问题，在一定程度上避免了局部最优问题；将贪婪算法应用于局部搜索提高了最优分配方案的搜索效率。

Interposing a fluid film that completely separates the sliding surfaces results in fluid—film lubrication .

流体膜可能是故意引入的，例如汽车主轴承中的机油，也有可能是无心引入的，例如光滑的橡胶轮胎与湿路面之间的水。

Firstly, polyacrylamide with 26 million molecular weight was compounded in lab through establishing optimum compounding initiator proportionality of 1:1. 3 and mass concentration of 170 mgL^(-1), temperature of 10 ℃, acrylamide mass percentage of 25%, electrical conductivity of 3.6 μSm^(-1) and pH value of 6.57. The salt-resistance, thermal endurance and shear-resistance of polyacrylamide could be enhanced b introducing sulfonic acid group or styrene sulfonate group or drawing the two groups above at the same time. Secondly, chelator HEDP, bactericide isoquinoline ketone and oxygen scavenger thiourea were optimized to improve the compatibility of polyacrylamide and formation water.

在由室内试验确定了复合引发剂最佳比值1：1.3和质量浓度170 mgL^(-1)、合成最佳温度10℃、丙烯酰胺单体质量分数25%、电导率3.6μSm^(-1)和pH值6.57后，合成出相对分子质量高于2.6×10^7的聚丙烯酰胺，同时通过丙烯酰胺单体复配引入磺酸基团、苯乙烯磺酸基团或同时引入此两种基团，提高了聚合物的抗盐、抗温、抗剪切性能；后针对聚丙烯酰胺与地层水配伍性差的问题，优选出HEDP螯合剂、异噻唑烷酮杀菌剂和除氧剂硫脲，对聚合物稳定效果明显。

The products have an isoxazole mother core with 3-morpholinopyridyl substitution and possess an approxi-mately planar structure. In addition a number of ester groups, amino groups, triazole groups and oxazolidi-none groups were introduced to 5-position of the isoxazole mother core.

这些化合物均以异噁唑为母核，具有近似的平面结构，在异噁唑环的3-位引入吗啉吡啶基，而在5-位引入酯基、取代氨基、三唑环和噁唑烷酮环。

A one-pot chemoselective reduction and lactonization of(4S,5R)-hemiesters was carried out to afford high-yielding(3aS,6aR)-lactone,a key chiral building block for the biotin synthesis. One-step introduction of carboxybutyl chain onto(3aS,6aR)-thiolactone was reached upon treatment of zinc reagent 25 in the presence of nanopalladium via an improved Fukuyama coupling under mild reaction conditions.

在侧链引入过程中，采用纳米钯LDH-Pd~0为催化剂以改进的Fukuyama偶联反应一步高效地引入-生物素五碳羧酸侧链，紧接着创造性地以离子氢化的方式建立了-生物素的第三个手性中心。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。