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AbstractObjectives1 Correlate bone mineral densityto vertebral compressive strengths.2 Consummate the technique for percutaneous polymethylmethacrylate vertebroplasty and observe the pattern of PMMA imaging distribution.3 Determine the strength and stiffness of osteoporotic with or without vertebroplasty with PMMA bone cement.4 Correlation of BMD,insertion torque and pull-out strengths of pedicle screws.5 Ascertain whether augmentation with PMMA bone cement can enhance pedicle screw fixation in the osteoporotic spine.6 Ascertain whether augmentation pedicle screw fixation with PMMA bone cement can enhance the stability of unstable thoracolurner burst fractures of osteoporotic spine.

目 的1、测试椎体压缩强度，分析强度与骨矿物质密度（bone mineral density，BMD）的相关关系。2、观察经皮椎体成形术后聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂（polymethylme- thacrylate，PMMA）骨水泥在椎体内的形态学分布及影像学表现。3、比较PMMA骨水泥骨质疏松椎体成形术前/后椎体最大抗压力和压缩刚度的变化。4、分析椎体BMD、螺钉最大旅入力矩和最大拔出力三者之间的关系。5、分析PMMA骨水泥强化骨质疏松椎弓根螺钉后的螺钉的最大轴向拔出力和拔出刚度的变化。6、评价PMMA骨水泥强化骨质疏松椎弓根螺钉脊柱内固定对不稳定型胸腰椎损伤的即刻稳定性和反复载荷后的稳定性。

PARTICIPANTS: 129 cases underwent pedicle screw implantation to correct thoracic scoliosis using Kirschner wire plus tapping technique. 103 patients were followed up, including 42 males and 61 females, with a median age of 15.3 years (range 13 to 19 years).

对象：采用徒手克氏针加叩击法制备胸椎椎弓根钉道置入椎弓根螺钉的方法矫正胸椎侧凸畸形129例，其中103例获得随访，男42例，女61例；年龄13~19岁，平均15.3岁。

From the ground. Also permitted are limb savers, lightweightstring material on the bow or stabilizer as a wind indicator.

也可以使用弓臂吸震器及在弓或防震器上，装置轻质纤维线作为测定风向之用。

Methods 32 non-extraction cases treated by arch expansion with straight Ni-Ti wire was selected and upper and lower arch width and the position in A-point and B-point before and after the arch expansion were measured respectively.

目的 探讨在直钛镍丝扩弓中，采用锡球与拉钩相结扎的方法避免扩弓分力引起前牙唇向移动的效应。

One is preshaped NiTi rocking-chair archwire whose form is like letter "L", the other is the standard arch form rocking-chair archwire which is shaped by orthodontists in clinic according to various standard arch forms of straight wire appliance.

临床常用的摇椅弓形主要有两种：一种是&L&形的预成NiTi摇椅弓；另一种是我们在临床上自己弯制的、与各种标准弓形一致的标准弓形摇椅弓。

BACKGROUND: Thoracic pedicle screw technique has been widely used in recent years, so the pedicle screw system plays a more key role in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis.

学术背景：近些年来胸段置入椎弓根钉技术广泛普及，使得椎弓根钉系统在治疗特发性脊柱侧凸中起到越来越关键的作用。

Visceral arch One of the series of skeletal bars on either side of the pharynx, which comprise the gill arches and the jaws.

内脏弓在咽喉的任一侧边上的成列骨骼的横带之一，包含鳃弓与颚。

AIM: Different fracture bone defects are established on zygomatic arch of New Zealand rabbits to obtain the critical size fracture defect of the zygomatic arch.

目的：在新西兰白兔颧弓上制备不同的骨折骨缺损，以求得兔颧弓骨折骨缺损植骨临界值。

Results paraclinoid structures in lower position could be exposed via subtemporal approach without zygomatic arch removal in each head.

对8例经10%甲醛溶液固定的成人尸头湿标本，依次模拟颞下锁孔入路、保留颧弓颞下入路和去颧弓颞下入路手术，显微镜下观察各入路的显露范围，再运用神经导航系统测量并比较各入路下重要结构的显露长度。

Methods The distances from superficial temporal artery on the superior zygomatic arch to the beginning of superior thyroid artery and from the latter to superior thyroid were measured on 48 sides (male: 36 sides, female: 12 sides) adult cadavers and the angle between superior thyroid artery and external carotid artery, the inner pathways of superficial temporal artery on superior zygomatic arch and the beginning of superior thyroid artery were also observed.

在动脉灌注红色乳胶的成人尸体教学标本24具（48侧）（男18具，女6具），测量甲状腺上动脉起点处至颞浅动脉颧弓上缘处和至喉上动脉发出部的距离；甲状腺上动脉与其起源动脉的夹角；颞浅动脉在颧弓上缘处和甲状腺上动脉起点处的内径。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。