异裂反应

Understand the basic conceptions on homolysis and heterolysis of covalent bonds, and on the nucleophilic substitution and elimination; Grasp the mechanism and stereochemistry of S N 1 and S N 2 reactions; be capable of judging the stability of carbocations; know the factors that can influence the rates of S N 1 and S N 2 reactions; grasp the elimination reactions of haloalkanes, the mechanism and stereochemistry of E1 and E2 reactions.

了解共价键的均裂和异裂及亲核取代反应的基本概念；掌握 S N 1 和 S N 2 反应机理和立体化学；能够判断正碳离子的稳定性；了解影响 S N 1 和 S N 2 反应速率的因素；掌握卤代烷消除反应， E1 和 E2 反应机理和立体化学。

The reaction with heterolytic mechanism is retarded severely in supercritical water, so do the hydrolysis of methyl acetate.

近临界水极性的巨大变化，使得异裂机理类型的醋酸甲酯水解在超临界水中反应速率反而大幅下降，实验数据显示，水解反应温度不宜超过水的临界点。

In the heterolytic electrophilic substitution, the stability of the intermediate strongly affects the activation energy.

P101 在异裂亲电取代反应中，中间产物的稳定性对反应活化能有很大影响。

Through the consideration of the triplet-state configuration of d-TMA and the effect of heterolytic reaction on system entropy value,△H and △S of the dissociation reaction of d-TMA were accurately calculated at the same time. The plot of lnK vs l/T had a perfectly linear relation: lnK=-9624.4363/T+20.2303, and the correlation coefficient R^2=1.0000, which agreed quite well with the predecessors' experimental results.

通过考察d-TMA三线态构型和异裂反应对系统熵值的影响，准确计算了d-TMA离解反应的△H和△S以lnK对l/T作图，两者之间具有很好的线性关系：lnK=-9624.4363/T+20.2303，相关系数R^2=1.0000，与前人实验结果相当一致。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。