异细胞的

All of the taxa have SC are belong to PT clade or AD clade in Pteridaceae, including Actiniopteris, Onychium, Pityrogramma, Pteris, Adiantum, and vittarioids.

重建特徵演化树的结果则显示凤尾蕨支与铁线蕨支之矽异形细胞应为不同起源，其中凤尾蕨支内的矽异形细胞亦可能为多次起源。

The structure of cell wall was not destroyed by the algaecide. So we could know: after being contacted with the algae, the algaecide could penetrate the cell wall and reacted with the protein directly, damaging the function of cell and killing the cell at last.Furthermore, we blended the isothiazolone with the high polymer, such as chitin, chitosan and poly, and prepared the slow-release drug films.

实验发现，异噻唑啉酮对棕囊藻的细胞形态结构破坏程度不大，表明了异噻唑啉酮对藻体的细胞壁、细胞膜具有很强的穿透作用，能够快速穿透细胞壁和细胞膜，与细胞内部的蛋白质作用，抑制细胞生理功能的正常发挥，导致藻体死亡。

F〓 of transgenic allotetraploid fish containing"all-fish"transgene——pCAgcGHc was obtained respectively by inbreeding and gynogenesis. Positive rate of pCAgcGHc detected by PCR was 90％ in F〓 of transgenic allotetraploid fish produced by inbreeding, while most F〓 of transgenic allotetraploid fish produced by gynogenesis showed diploidy measured by flow cytometer. The results above imply that developing the pure line of transgenic allotetraploid fish through inbreeding is feasible, but the operation should be modified if gynogenesis is introduced.

采用近交和雌核发育方法培育出转pCAgcGHc基因异源四倍体鲫鲤F〓代，通过PCR检测，外源基因pCAgcGHc在近交转pCAgcGHc基因异源四倍体鲫鲤F〓中的整合率为90％，而流式细胞技术检测雌核发育转pCAgcGHc基因异源四倍体鲫鲤F〓的倍性多为二倍体，说明通过近交筛选转基因异源四倍体鲫鲤纯系的方法是可行的，但是通过雌核发育来筛选转基因异源四倍体鲫鲤纯系还要就方法上进一步的改进。

Each medicine used in the study totally has obivious effect on lens sodium-pump. Either on the molecular and cellular level or on the histological and organic level , they all have their distinctive demonstration. 1.Ouabain、Digoxine、DMSO decrease the expression of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level , the cell morphology and ultramicroscopic structure demonstrated destructive effect,it indicates the cause of cataract of the medicines.2.D-thyroxine、Amphotericin B、Vitamin E increase the expression of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level ,from the demonstration of the cell morphology and ultramicroscopic structure ,it indicates the medicines have protective or anti-distructive effect on lens.3.The medicines have isoform-specific action on lens sodium-pump,it indicates exploitting isoform-specific medicine has a promising clinical application.4. Lens sodium-pumps are inhibited probably lead to cataract, so in clinical medication, especially to the cardiovascular doctor, while he is using the sodium-pump inhibitors, he should pay more attention to adjust the dosage and duration of the drug therapy. 5. To creat the animal model of cataract through inhibiting lens sodium-pump, whether it can be a kind of classical method or not, it is worthy of further research.

本研究所选用的药物对晶状体钠泵均有明显的影响作用，在分子水平、细胞水平、组织器官水平均有特异的表现：1、哇巴因、地高辛、二甲基亚砜三种药物可降低晶状体钠泵α亚单位在 mRNA水平的表达，在细胞形态和超微结构上表现为损伤效应，提示了其潜在的导致白内障的可能。2、D甲状腺素、两性霉素B、维生素 E三种药物可升高晶状体钠泵α亚单位在 mRNA水平的表达，从细胞形态和超微结构上的表现，提示了其对晶状体有保护作用或抗损伤效应。3、药物作用于晶状体钠泵具有重整异构特异性，提示了开发出特异的具有重整异构作用的药物是极有临床应用前景的。4晶状体钠泵抑制后可能导致白内障的发生，故临床用药，尤其是心内科医生在使用这些钠泵抑制剂时应注意调整用药剂量及药物疗程。5 通过抑制晶状体钠泵来制作白内障动物模型能否成为一种经典的制作方法，还有待于进一步研究。

The nuclei were clear and the cell was well-stacked. Double layer structure could be seen in part of areas, displayed as monostratal keratinocytes linked with string-like cells. Most of keratinocytes differentiated into double layers, and cells linked with others with cable-like structure. The nuclei still could be seen.

部分区域细胞出现双层结构，表现为单层的角质形成细胞上面铺有连接成条索状的细胞。3周的角质形成细胞大部分为双层结构，异层及同层细胞之间彼此衔接，呈索形结构，细胞核仍然清晰可见，细胞不如2周时饱满。4周的角质形成细胞部分区域为三层结构，且细胞较前变得萎缩，表现为细胞浆减少，细胞核变小。

METHODS: Benzhydroxamic acid derivative E was artificially synthesized. The gastric cancer line 7901 was selected to serve as the target cell. The effect of medicine E on tumor cell activity was examined by cell culture technology in vitro. The change of morphology and the ultrastructure after treatment with medicine E was observed with the optic microscope and the electron microscope.

以胃癌细胞株7901为靶细胞，采用体外细胞培养技术评价苯异羟肟酸衍生物E对肿瘤细胞活性的影响，通过光学和电子显微镜对E药物作用后细胞形态学进行观察，用免疫组化和RT PCR方法检测细胞凋亡。

After discussion of the relationship among idioblastic cells,tolerance to abiotic stress and betaine,the author thought the reason of transgenic plants having an increased number of idioblastic cells was that BADH was introduced and much betaine might be synthesized.

通过对异形细胞、植物抗逆性、甜菜碱三者之间的关系讨论，认为转基因植株异形细胞数量多是由于BADH基因的导入可能合成了较多甜菜碱。

Methods:The subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from the fold inguen of four SD rats, then digested with collagenase type Ⅰ and cultured in endothelial medium for seven days.

获取4只雄性SD大鼠鼠蹊部皮下脂肪，通过机械分割和组织消化法获取脂肪基质细胞，在内皮细胞培养液中培养7d后，经免疫细胞化学及透射电镜鉴定证实95%以上细胞已具内皮细胞表型特征，再将这些细胞进行成脂(DMEM/F-12培养基内加入0.5mmol/L1-甲基-3-异丁基-黄嘌呤，1μmol/L地塞米松，10μmol/L胰岛素，200μmol/L吲哚美星)定向诱导7d，形态学观察和油红O特殊染色鉴定诱导后的细胞。

Besides, benzyl isothiocyanate and phenethyl isothiocyanate also decreased the levels of mitochondria membrane potential, induced reactive oxygen species and calcium ion production in examined DU-145 cells.

由结果显示，苯甲基异硫氰酸酯和苯乙基异硫氰酸酯确实会造成人类前列腺癌细胞株DU-145细胞周期停滞以及诱导细胞凋亡的产生。

With CYP1A2, 3-fold enhancement in actiity per cell was seen for conerting ethoxyresorufin to resorufin compared to C3A cell monolayers.

结果发现，每个细胞中CYP1A2将乙氧基-异吩唑酮转化为9-羟基-3-异吩恶唑酮的能力相对于单细胞层的C3A细胞增强了3倍。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。