异细胞的

OBJECTIVE: To detect the effect of erigeron extract on dendritic cells in rats' blood with allogeneic kidney transplant models.

目的：观察灯盏花提取物对异基因大鼠肾脏移植模型血液中树突状细胞的影响。

Abnormalities initially detected on CBC included heterophilic leukocytosis and anemia; lymphocytosis and monocytosis were detected later.

全血细胞计数异常包括嗜异染的白细胞增多和贫血，淋巴细胞和单核细胞计数稍后增高。

To examine the influence of systemic factors on aged progenitor cells from these tissues, we established parabiotic pairings (that is, a shared circulatory system) between young and old mice, exposing old mice to factors present in young serum. Notably, heterochronic parabiosis restored the activation of Notch signalling as well as the proliferation and regenerative capacity of aged satellite cells.

为了查明系统因子对来自这些组织的衰老祖细胞的影响，我们在幼鼠和老鼠之间建立了共生态配对试验（即：一种共享的循环系统），给老鼠输入含有年轻因子的血浆，奇怪的是，异时性共生态细胞Notch信号重新激活，同时恢复了衰老干细胞增生和再生能力。

Positive and negative chronotropic responses were induced by application of isoproterenol and carbamylcholine, respectively.

应用异丙肾上腺素和氨甲酰胆碱可以分别诱导心肌细胞的正性和负性变时作用。

We aim to screen and identify the key potential trans-factors during hemoglobin switch. We firstly analyzed differential expression of mRNAs in erythroid induction cultures of CD34+ cells derived from normal umbilical cord blood, adult bone marrow, and bone marrow of a heterocellular hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin patient. We identified ZF (HCF-binding transcription factor, Zhangfei) and SH3GLB1(SH3-domain GRB2-like endophilin B1) that had differential expression in the above three cultures. Furthermore, we confirmed the different expression of the above two genes by quantitative real-time PCR.

为鉴别影响珠蛋白基因表达和开关的新的重要调节因子，我们首先分析了人脐带血、正常成人骨髓和异细胞型胎儿血红蛋白持续存在综合症患者骨髓细胞红系诱导培养物中基因表达的差异，发现ZF(HCF-binding transcription factor，Zhangfei)和SH3GLB1（SH3-domain GRB2-like endophilin B1）在这三种不同来源的红细胞内具有显著的表达差异，并通过实时定量PCR方法验证了差异的真实性。

Majority of acute leukemias in infant, either acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myeloblastic leukemia, posses a chromosomal translocation affecting the 11q23 chromosome region which specifically inoles the mixed-lineage leukemia gene.1-3 Most pediatric leukemias with MLL rearrangement clearly hae a remarkably short latency.1,4 MLL gene rearrangement is also associated with secondary leukemias of patients preiously treated with the topoisomerase II inhibitors.4 The latency of these secondary leukemias is similarly ery short.4 Of note, the concordance rate of leukemia with MLL rearrangement in infant monozygotic twins approximates to 100%,1,4 and identical breakpoint in the MLL gene was shared in these pairs of identical twin infants with concordant ALL.1,4 Moreoer, the unique and clonotypic MLL fusion gene was detectable in neonatal blood spots for Guthrie cards from non-twined indiiduals who subsequently deeloped ALL.1,4 These obserations indicate not only that MLL fusion is generated in utero but also that MLL fusion proteins could be capable of inducing leukemic transformation with few, if any, secondary mutations.2,3,4 Greaes et al speculate that an MLL fusion protein somehow promotes rapid transition to full-blown disease in patients ia ery rapid clonal expansion, genetic instability, or inhibition of DNA damage repair.4 In general, for clonal expansion of malignancies, tumor cells often hae acquired strategies that escape immune sureillance of the hosts.5,6 Immune escape mechanisms also contribute to the failure of graft-ersus-leukemia effect after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.7 Therefore, leukemia cells could acquire some immune escape mechanisms during leukemogenesis.

绪论 绝大多数的婴儿白血病，不管是急性淋巴性白血病或是急性骨髓性白血病，在染色体11q23部位有染色体易位的情况；这个部位的染色体易位牵连了混合谱系白血病基因。大多数具有MLL基因重排的儿童白血病潜伏期明显短很多。MLL基因重排也和经拓扑异构酶II抑制剂治疗后的继发性白血病有关。这些继发性白血病的潜伏期类似地都非常的短。很重要的是，单卵双胞胎婴儿同时患有或同时免于MLL基因重排阳性的白血病的一致性接近100%；并且同样患有ALL的同卵双胞胎的MLL基因的断裂点是一致的。而且，这种独特的克隆特异性的MLL融合基因能够从那些得ALL的非双生个体出生时的血斑标本中检测到。这些发现表明MLL融合基因产生在胎儿还在子宫的是后，而且MLL融合蛋白能过和其他的基因突变一起诱导白血病的产生。Greaes 等推测MLL融合蛋白在某种情况下同过快速克隆增殖，遗传的不稳定性或是DNA损伤修复的抑制促使疾病迅速地全面爆发。恶性肿瘤细胞的克隆增殖通常已经获得了逃避机体免疫监视的能力。免疫逃避机制也归因于异体外周血干细胞移植后移植物抗白血病作用的失效。所以，白血病细胞在白血病的产生过程中可能获得了某些免疫逃脱机制。

This study was purposed to investigate the dynamic change of clonal proliferation of T cell receptor V subfamilies in peripheral blood of patients received allohematopoietic stem cell transplantation and to analyze the relationship between T cell clonal proliferative changes and GVHD.

本研究观察异基因造血干细胞移植患者外周血T 细胞受体 Vβ亚家族克隆性增殖的动态变化，分析T细胞的克隆性演变与GVHD的关系。

Idioblasts may contain a variety of materials, e.g. tannins, oils, crystals, and waste products.

异细胞通常含有不同种类的物质，如鞣酸类，油类，晶体和一些代谢产物。

Protein disulfide isomerase is one of main retention proteins in ER, which is an abundant protein in luman of the ER especially in secretory cells.

蛋白质二硫键异构酶是内质网腔内的主要驻留蛋白之一，在分泌细胞的内质网腔中含量非常丰富，其主要功能是催化细胞内分泌蛋白和膜蛋白新生多肽的二硫键形成。

Probucol and its sulphur-containing metabolite, but not a sulphur-free phenolic analogue, protected via cell-specifi c effects on inhibiting macrophage accumulation, stimulating reendothelialization, and inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.

普罗布考及它的含硫代谢物能够通过抑制巨噬细胞的聚集，刺激血管内膜再内皮化和抑制血管平滑肌细胞增生得到保护，而含自由硫原子的苯酚异构物得不到保护。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。