异细胞的

The types of histone methyltransferases, the relationship between methylation of Lysine 9 of H3 and the formation of heterochromatin, gene regulation in euchromatin, and that with DNA methylation, were mainly introduced.

主要阐述了组蛋白甲基转移酶的类型，组蛋白H3中第9位赖氨酸甲基化与异染色质的形成、常染色体中基因表达的调控，以及与DNA甲基化之间的关系，说明了组蛋白甲基化与组蛋白乙酰化、磷酸化的相互关系，指出组蛋白甲基化对维持细胞各种状态的平衡起到极其重要的作用。

They are often morphologically distinct from A chromosomes, being smallerand more highly heterochromatic in most cases. B chromosomes do not pair with Achromosomes, and they are inherited in a non-Mendelian way, exhibiting meiotic andmitotic instability and nondisjunction. However, B chromosome DNA is quiteidentical to the corresponding sequence on the A chromosome complement. So far afew B chromosome specific DNA sequence have been identified. Specific DNAsequences on B chromosome have been the attractive research area on Bchromosomes.

现已在千余种植物和近三百种动物中被发现。B染色体与物种中正常染色体不同：独立于整倍体基因组之外，减数分裂时不与A染色体发生联会和配对，细胞分裂后期不分离，非孟德尔遗传，富含异染色质，不含对宿主主要性状有影响的基因等。B染色体DNA的分子组成既与A染色体极为相似，具有A染色体DNA分子组成的一般特征：富含重复序列和转座成分，染色体三大功能组件DNA高度同源；又与之相区别，含有B染色体特异的DNA序列，这些DNA序列可以为探讨B染色体的起源和进化提供有价值的信息。

The result of study shows: Compared with contrast group, the leaf glucoside of the ginseng can promote chickens to resist the production of NDV antibody; The leaf glucoside of the ginseng has facilitation to the development of the pigeon breast gland, have inhibition on the development of chickens spleen, Different influence of bursa because of different way when giving the medicine; Ginseng leaf glucoside can formed ability of nucl

研究结果表明：与对照组相比，人参叶皂武能促进鸡杭NDV杭体的产生；人参叶皂武对鸡胸腺的发育有一定的促进作用，对鸡脾脏的发育有一定抑制作用，对法氏囊的影响由于给药方式不同而异；人参叶皂武能使鸡单核一巨噬细胞系统吞噬能力增强。

There is no mature scheme on haploidentical non-T-depleted transplantation in China. Prognosis of chemotherapy is poor for refractory and high-risk leukemia. Allogene hematopoietic stem cell transplantation should be applied without delay. If we can go beyond the histocompatibility leukocyte antigen boundary, HLA-haploidentical family members would became the resource of allo-HSCT donors.

目前，国内外尚无单倍型相合未去T细胞移植成熟的方案，对于难治和高危白血病患者，化疗预后是很差的，应不失时机进行异基因造血干细胞移植，如果能够跨越人类主要组织相容性抗原的限制，用人类主要组织相容性抗原半相合的亲属作为造血干细胞移植的供体，就可以彻底解决干细胞来源问题。

On the basis of ESTs, three antenna specific protein—Ac-ASP1, Ac-ASP2 and Ac-ASP3, were cloned and identified through the transcriptional profiles and immunocytochemical localization in antennal sensilla. All above will produce an important basis to the exquisite olfaction and action of discrimination against others and resistance to mites of A.

在此基础上，着重通过对中蜂主要的触角特异蛋白——Ac-ASP1，Ac-ASP2和Ac-ASP3进行基因克隆，并通过其在触角中的转录表达谱和在触角不同感器内的亚细胞定位，以期对上述分子进行鉴定，最终对揭示中蜂灵敏的嗅觉以及独特的排异和抗螨能力奠定重要的基础。

Fromthese facts,It could be deduced that 8 to 14 pairs of chromosomes possessed a certaindegree of hetorology,which was directly groved to be hybrid origin of P.tomentosaaccording to the good chromosome homology and fertility of P.bolleana and thehybrids of P.tomentosa×P.bolleana,it could be further deduced that the original parentsof P.tomentosa involved probably P.bolleana or P.alba.

从终变期、中期I的染色体构型看，有数目不等的联会程度较差的单价体和棒状二价体出现，在后期I，甚至末期I亦可见到含落后染色体分裂相的细胞，由此推断可能有8~14对染色体表现出一定程度的异源性，鉴于新疆杨以及毛白杨与新疆杨杂交产生的杂种毛新杨的染色体同源性较强、育性较好等现象，进一步推断毛白杨起源亲本可能包括新疆杨或银白杨。

TGF-βbinds to a heteromeric complex of type I and type II receptors. The constitutively active type II receptor phosphorylates and activates the type I receptor which phosphorylates Smad2 and Smad3 (receptor-associated Smads). Receptor-associated Smads bind the common mediator Smad4 and are translocated to the nucleus, where they associate with DNA-binding cofactors to modulategene transcription.

TGF-β与其效应细胞表面的Ⅱ型受体TβRⅡ和Ⅰ型受体TβRⅠ形成的异源二聚体结合，相继激活TβRⅡ和TβRⅠ，活化的TβRⅠ再进一步活化Smad2和Smad3，磷酸化的Smad2/3必须与Smad4结合形成复合物，才能进入细胞核，调节靶基因的转录[6]。

Berberine, a plant isoquinoline, isolated from Coptis chinensis, exhibited a remarkable inhibitory effect on protein and DNA synthesis, retarding cancer cell progression through the cell cycle, and inhibition of tumor growth in nude mice.

小蘗碱为异奎？类的植物生物碱，它有很多的药理作用，包含许多抗发炎以及抗微生物的效果，此外小蘗碱也可以抑制DNA和蛋白质的合成、阻断癌细胞的细胞周期进行，以及在裸鼠上可以发现癌细胞的生长抑制。

Basing on utilization of organiccarbon compounds,mixotrophic culture is expected to possess advantages such as aless light requirement,capability of adopting fermentation techniques ofheterotrophic microorganisms and achieving a high cell density.

以对有机底物的利用为基础的微藻混合营养培养具有可降低光的需求、可借鉴已有的异养微生物的培养技术和实现高细胞密度培养等优势，是微藻培养技术的最新发展之一。

In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification labeling coupled with two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) was employed to compare the differential protein expressions in MCF7 cells upon 17β-oestradiol (E2) stimulation or serum deprivation versus in normal conditions. A total of 576 proteins with the confidential level of ≥95% were identified, 26 proteins among the 576 proteins were found to be differentially expressed after E2 stimulation or serum deprivation, and among them 10 proteins were up-regulated and 16 proteins were down-regulated by more than two folds.

利用四重用于相对和绝对定量的等量异位标签(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification， iTRAQ)标记结合二维液相色谱-串联质谱(two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry， 2D-LC-MS/MS)对雌二醇(17β-oestradiol， E2)和血清各自以及共同作用对MCF7乳腺癌细胞内蛋白质表达的影响进行了比较，共鉴定到置信度在95%以上的蛋白质576种，其中各组相对于正常培养组的细胞共找到26种差异在1倍以上的蛋白质，其中10种上调，16种下调。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。