异系的

F〓 of transgenic allotetraploid fish containing"all-fish"transgene——pCAgcGHc was obtained respectively by inbreeding and gynogenesis. Positive rate of pCAgcGHc detected by PCR was 90％ in F〓 of transgenic allotetraploid fish produced by inbreeding, while most F〓 of transgenic allotetraploid fish produced by gynogenesis showed diploidy measured by flow cytometer. The results above imply that developing the pure line of transgenic allotetraploid fish through inbreeding is feasible, but the operation should be modified if gynogenesis is introduced.

采用近交和雌核发育方法培育出转pCAgcGHc基因异源四倍体鲫鲤F〓代，通过PCR检测，外源基因pCAgcGHc在近交转pCAgcGHc基因异源四倍体鲫鲤F〓中的整合率为90％，而流式细胞技术检测雌核发育转pCAgcGHc基因异源四倍体鲫鲤F〓的倍性多为二倍体，说明通过近交筛选转基因异源四倍体鲫鲤纯系的方法是可行的，但是通过雌核发育来筛选转基因异源四倍体鲫鲤纯系还要就方法上进一步的改进。

The thermodynamic phase equilibrium model and the phase diagram is the underline for any separation process.

热力学相平衡模型及相图是结晶分离研究的基础，本研究以二甲苯异构体三元系作为研究对象，通过不同的方法建立三元系的固-液相平衡热力学模型及相图。

This sequential relationship can be showed by following relationships — simultaneity, heterochronism, and indistinction of their sequential relationship.

其次对比分析了行为之间的时间顺序天系，即同时、异时和不能区分同时和异时的关系。

The recipients were divided into three groups:allograft control group, allograft experimental group and isograft control group. After 60 days of transplant, vascular intimal thickness in all of the groups was observed by histological examination. The expression of PCNA and α-SMA was determined by immunohistochemistry.

动物分为3组：(1)异系移植对照组；(2)异系移植实验组；(3)同系移植对照组。60d后对移植动脉行病理组织学检测，观察移植动脉内膜增生程度，并行免疫组织化学染色检测移植动脉增殖细胞核抗原和平滑肌肌动蛋白的表达情况。

METHODS: The models of abdominal aorta transplantation were made with micro-surgery in rats. The recipients were divided into three groups: allograft control group, atorvastatin-treated group and isograft control group. Vascular intimal thickness in all of the groups was observed by histological examination. The expression of proliferation cell nuclear antigenl and α-smooth muscle actin were determined by immunohistochemistry. The content of nitric oxide was measured by nitrate reductase chromatometry.

建立大鼠腹主动脉移植慢性排斥反应模型，分为3组：异系移植对照组、异系移植治疗组和同系移植组，60d后对移植动脉行病理组织学检测，观察移植动脉内膜增生程度；并行免疫组织化学染色，检测移植动脉增殖细胞核抗原和平滑肌肌动蛋白的表达情况，行硝酸还原酶比色法测定移植动脉组织NO的含量。

Lines which were 2n=21"+1" and one line which was 2n=20"+2", one line which was 2n=43. The salt-resistance addition line Line15 was confirmed as a Disomic alien addition line by C-banding, SSR, FISH methods, and the two alien addition chromosomes had close correlation with the long arm of the second homoeologous group, the centromere region of the third homoeologous group and the short arm of the seventh homoeologous group. We also confirmed the particular C-banding type of the alien addition chromosomes by C-banding following FISH method. The drought-resistance addition line Line17 was found also as a Disomic alien addition line by SSR and FISH detection. The alien addition chromosomes had close correlation with the short arm of the second homoeologous group.

对导入赖草优质耐盐基因的株系Line15进行了C-分带、荧光原位杂交、SSR相结合的鉴定，确认Line15是一个二体异附加系，附加的一对染色体与小麦的第二同源群长臂、第三同源群着丝粒和第七同源群短臂密切相关，并确定了Line15的外源染色体C-分带特征带型，为目后鉴定Line15附加系的真伪提供了简便快捷的途径；对抗旱附加系Line17进行了荧光原位杂交和SSR检测，得出Line17也是一个二体异附加系，外源染色体与小麦的第四同源群短臂密切相关。

Other three alien translocation lines referring to chromosome Lr.14 of L.racemosus were also induced via irradiated pollens.After irradiated by gamma raysof 1KR does,the pollens of T.aestivum-L.racemosus Lr.14 disomic addition lineswere used to pollinate wheat varieties"Yangmai No.5"and"Mianyang No.11".M1plants have pairing between wheat chromosomes and Lr.14 ofL.racemosus at PMCMI stage were self-pollinated,and the M2 seeds used to be Giemsa C-banded andfluorescence in situ hybridized.As the result,three alien translocation lines wereobtained and T12 was observed to have distal translocation chromosomes betweenLr.14S and a wheat chromosome segment(TW-Lr.14S·Lr.14L).T13 wasidentified to contain mostly-alien-translocation chromosome(TLr.14L·Lr.14S-W).T14 was proved to contain a translocation between Lr.14L and 6BS,with approximatebreakpoint at 6BS2.2 region, FL0.22 in the short arm of chromosome T6BL.6BS-Lr.14L.

用普通小麦-大赖草Lr.14二体异附加系经辐射处理过的花粉给扬麦5号和绵阳11号授粉，M1代植株进行PMC MI染色体配对分析和Giemsa C-分带，选出PMCMI小麦和大赖草染色体发生配对的植株进行自交，M2代经RTC M期染色体C-分带和原位杂交，鉴定出3个小麦-大赖草易位系，其中T12为由Lr.14大部分和一个小麦染色体片段组成的易位染色体(TLr.14L·Lr.14S-W)；T13含由Lr.14染色体绝大部分与小麦染色体的一个小片段组成的易位染色体(TLr.14L·Lr.14S-W)；T14易位系的染色体易位发生在小麦6BS2.2区和大赖草Lr.14L之间，易位断点在T6BL·6BS-Lr.14L易位染色体的FL0.22附近。

Using potassium bisulfate as the heterogeneous catalyst,isovaleric acid and n-butanol reacted to form flavor butyl isovalerate.

以异戊酸和正丁醇为原料，采用不溶于反应物系的硫酸氢钾为非均相催化剂合成了食用香料异戊酸丁酯。

The morphological observation showed that the two monosomic addition lines could form head normally, but the characters existed difference between the addition- lines and diploid parent.

对2个单体异附加系的植株形态学性状进行了初步观察，结果显示2个附加系均能正常结球，但球形的形态与二倍体结球甘蓝存在明显差异。

Linebreeding , a form of inbreeding, usually involves mating more distantly related dogs.

同种异系交配，是同系交配的另一种形式，通常是指交配犬只双方有一定血缘联系但相对较远。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。