异种移植

The three types of reconstructed embryos(reconstructed embryo of goat-rabbit, goat-bovine and goat-goat) were produced respectively by nuclear transfer using goat ear firbroblast cells as donors and rabbit, bovine and goat ooctyes as recipients, and the factors of cytoplast environments influencing cloned embryo development in vitro, cytoplast effect in nuclear transfer, the methods of transferring cloned embryo and the effects of pregnancy factor on implantation of cloned embryo were studied in this experiment, in order to supply basis for solving the difficulty of implantation of inter-species cloned embryo in recipient and improving the efficiency of cloning.

本试验以波尔山羊耳成纤维细胞为供体，分别以牛、羊、兔的卵母细胞为受体进行体细胞核移植，构建了山羊-兔、山羊-牛和山羊-山羊三种重构胚。研究了不同的胞质环境对重构胚体外发育的影响与核移植中的胞质效应，并对异种克隆胚胎采用了去透明带移植和配种后再移植的方法，探讨移植方法和妊娠因子对异种克隆胚胎在受体动物体内发育的影响，旨在为解决异种克隆胚移植不易着床发育的难题和为提高动物克隆效率提供理论依据。

These observations show that reprogramming is easier in interspecific embryos reconstructed with ES cells than that reconstructed with somatic cells, and that ES cells have the higher ability to direct the reconstructed embryo development normally than fibroblast cells. Oocytes were reconstructed with outbreeding Kunming albino mouse ES cells and enucleated rabbit oocytes, and the effects of the passages of ES cells and 6-DMAP on the development of interspecific reconstructed oocytes were analyzed. The interspecific reconstructed ES-rabbit oocytes were activated either by combined two set electric pulses and 6-DMAP or by two set electr

以上结果显示，6－DMAP能增加胚胎干细胞异种重构卵的卵裂率，对重构卵囊胚的发育率影响不大；高培养代数和低培养代数的胚胎干细胞用于异种核移植不影响异种重构卵的卵裂率和囊胚发育率；用胚胎干细胞作为供核细胞；比体细胞作为供核细胞所构建的异种重构胚更容易进行重编程，并且胚胎于细胞指导异种克隆胚胎正常发育的能力强于体细胞。

That first, these are organized by the animal transplanting often is able to be discriminated against by human being's immunity system; Secondly, these animal self's a little virus is in the cards meeting be infected by to human being body inner; After once again, last phase dies because xenogenesis organ transplants since in 1990's, the more and more few people is ready to attempt xenogenesis organ transplanting.

首先，这些被移植的动物组织经常会被人类的免疫系统排斥；其次，这些动物自身的一些病毒有可能会传染到人类体内；再次，自从在20世纪90年代末期因异种器官移植而死亡后，越来越少的人愿意尝试异种器官移植。

The present study has demonstrated the pattern of TNF-α and IL-6 expression, has defined the effect of cellular immunity on BMP-induced osteogenesis at the implant site, and has clarified the immunoregulation by BMP subsequent to bone xenografting, thus opening up a new field of molecular immunology associated with bone xenograft, allowing for the search for a more ideal approach to preventing immune rejection and developing a highly effective xenogenous graft material.

本研究结果揭示了异种骨移植局部TNF-α和IL-6的定位表达及其规律，基本上阐明了移植局部细胞免疫对BMP诱导成骨作用的影响及BMP在异种骨移植局部的免疫调节作用等问题，开辟了异种骨移植分子免疫学新领域，并为选择更理想的移植排斥防治途径和研制高效的异种骨移植材料提供了可靠的实验及理论依据。

Xenografts ultimately fail as a result of acute vascular rejection.

异种移植最终失败源于急性血管排斥。

Macrophages have been identified as the predominant cell within rejecting xenografts and were shown to be capable of destroying xenografts.

已有实验通过间接手段证实，巨噬细胞在异种移植的免疫反应中起效应细胞的作用，破坏移植物。

There it is -- a bovine xenograft.

就是这个，牛的异种移植

We had established a xenograft model of human ovarian cancer SKOV_3 in nude mice, first electrochemotherapy for treatment.

3建立了异种移植人卵巢癌SKOV_3裸鼠模型，首次采用电化学疗法进行治疗。

The Hopkins group is conducting a clinical trial of xenograft model.

霍普金斯研究小组进行了异种移植的临床试验。

To provide basic parameters of evaluating the biological safety of xenotransplantation from pig to human, ear tissues from 31 individuals were randomly collected from a Shazi Ling pig population. PCR and RT-PCR were performed to detect porcine endogenous retrovirus proviral DNA and mRNA respectively. The sensitivity of the PCR was evaluated using a positive control.

为评价从猪到人异种移植的生物安全性提供依据，从湖南沙子岭猪的保种群内随机采集31头个体的耳样组织，应用PCR和RT-PCR技术分别检测这些组织中内源性逆转录病毒（porcine endogenous retrovirus，PERV）的前病毒DNA和mRNA，并对PCR扩增的灵敏性进行评估。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。