异种

RESULTS: At 16 weeks after operation, the defects were perfectly healed in the composite group, which was better than heterogenic deproteinized cancellous bone and control group with regard to the levels of bone formation, quantity of bone regeneration and reconstruction of marrow cavity.

结果：植入后16周，复合材料组骨缺损完全修复，成骨活跃程度、骨再生量和重建髓腔结构等方面均显著优于异种脱蛋白松质骨组和空白组；异种脱蛋白松质骨组，形成骨性愈合，但无髓腔再通；空白组未愈合。

The major obstacle in xenograft is hyperacute rejection, which is caused by complements after they are activated by xenogeneic antigens combined with natural antibodies.

异种移植的主要障碍为异种抗原被人血清中天然存在的抗体结合、激活补体导致的超急排斥反应。

The experimental model of the spinal fusion in the lumbar intertransverse process was produced in 24 male goats aged 6-8 months, which were divided into 3 groups according to different implant graft.

动物骨均有相似的生物材料结构和造型，关键问题是植入体内免疫问题［2］。以往许多研究证明采用脱蛋白方法可达到消除异种骨免疫原性目的，这暗示着异种骨可能会是一种经济、有效的组织工程骨支架材料。

The experimental model of the spinal fusion in the lumbar intertransverse process was produced in 24 male goats aged 6-8 months, which were divided into 3 groups according to different implant graft.

动物骨均有相似的生物材料结构和造型，关键问题是植入体内免疫问题［2］。以往许多研究证明采用脱蛋白方法可达到消除异种骨免疫原性目的，暗示着异种骨可能会是一种经济、有效的组织工程骨支架材料。

Although the deelopment of relatiely non-toxic immunosuppressie or tolerance-inducing regimens will be required to justify clinical trials using pig organs, recent adances in our understanding of the biology of xenograft rejection and zoonotic infections, and the generation of alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase-deficient pigs hae moed this approach closer to clinical application.

尽管用猪的器官去验证临床试验需要相对无毒的免疫抑制剂或致耐的方法，但随着近来我们对异种移植排斥生物学及动物传染病感染的深入理解，以及α1，3 半乳糖转移酶缺陷猪的产生，异种移植更接近临床应用。

Half-ring sulcated external fixator was used for the fixation.

专利号：CN01256565。方法：山羊24只，随机分为单纯异种脱蛋白骨组、自体骨组及异种脱蛋白骨＋重组人骨形态发生蛋白组，在每只山羊右侧胫骨中下段截除胫骨总长度20%形成节段性骨缺损，按分组情况植入不同材料，采用半环槽式外固定器固定。

Methods: thirty-four Japanese white rabbits are used as experimental animals. Under no destroying the posterior ligaments, expose the fifth and sixth transverse processes and intertransverse membrane. The transverse processes are decorticated. On each side bone graft bed the following four kinds of grafts are put, they are: autologous iliac crest、allograft+rhBMP-2、xeograft+rhBMP-2、and xeograft+HA.

34只成年日本大耳白兔，在不破坏脊柱后侧稳定结构的前提下，显露双侧的L5、L6横突，用磨钻去皮质，然后每侧分别随机地植入2.5ml左右的下列四种植入物：自体髂骨、同种冷冻干燥异体骨+rhBMP-2、异种冷冻干燥骨+rhBMP-2、异种冷冻干燥骨+HA。

A new method for enucleating MⅡ nucleus in mouse and rat was induced; Living births were obtained from IVF of mouse oocytes reconstructed by transfer of metaphase Ⅱ chromosomes. For the interspecies nuclear transfer between mouse and rabbit, the reconstructed embryos could develop into blasocyst in vitro.

在不同品系小鼠卵母细胞核质交换移植中将电融合的重构卵进行IVF，经胚胎移植后顺利产仔；在异种核移植方面，小鼠核与兔卵母细胞的异种重构胚在体外培养条件下发育至囊胚阶段。

Methods MSCs were cultured with inbred line small-ear cancellous bone of Ban Na pigs . A 1.5 centimeter segmental defect was created in the mid-upper part of the radial shaft of adult rabbit. The defects were implanted into composited xenogeneic bone in experimental group and xenogeneic bone alone in control group , the defects were not filled with anything in blank group . The repair capability of the defects was assessed by scan electron microscope before operation and physical , histology, X-ray , transmission electron microscope, SPECT and bone mineral density examinations 4 , 8 and 12 weeks after operation .

将MSCs与版纳近交系小耳猪松质骨在体外联合培养，兔桡骨中上段制成1.5cm的骨—骨膜缺损模型，实验组植入复合异种骨，对照组植入单纯异种骨，空白对照组不植入任何材料，分别于术前行标本的扫描电镜观察和术后4周，8周，12周各时间点行标本的大体观察，组织学观察，X线片观察，透射电镜观察，SPECT扫描及骨密度测试，比较其骨缺损区骨修复愈合情况。

Then in order to further optimize the ambipolar characteristics of devices and improve the carrier transport of OTFT devices,an ultra-thin electron blocking-layer N, N\'-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N\'-biphenyl-1,1\'-biphenyl-4,4\'diamine is inserted between C_(60) and pentacene at the basis of the above mentioned devices to adjust the distribution of charge carriers and to limit charge carriers captured by different type semiconductor materials.

本文在原有器件的基础上，在C_(60)和pentacene有源层之间引入一层超薄的N，N\'-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N，N\'-biphenyl-1，1\'-biphenyl-4，4\'diamine电子阻挡层，用以来调节器件内部载流子的分配以及抑制异种半导体材料对异种电荷的俘获。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。