异核体

In part of edible fungi, two different nuclei in heterokaryon are generally consided to distribute evenly to all of colony through clamp connection, and the ratio of two nuclei should be 1:1. But other hypothesis was demurrable according aberrancy of nucleus ratio during monokaryotization of oidiospore and protoplast in F. velutipes. My experiment was constituted of two parts.

在部分食用菌中，一般认为异核体菌丝通过锁状联合这一细胞结构将两种核均匀分布到全部菌落，异核体中两种核的数量比例应该是1：1的关系；但金针菇原生质体单核化和粉孢子单核化过程中发生的核偏离的研究表明，异核体菌丝两种核的数量比例可能不是1：1的关系。

Cephalotaxine ester of 2-oxo-6-methylheptanoic acid was treated with lithium diisopropylamide and Me O-(1-methoxyisopropyl)glycolate to give a mixture of homoisoharringtonine and its stereoisomers with 56% yield. The four stereoisomers separated by TLC showed identical mass spectra and almost superimposed IR but with different 1H NMR spectra. The configuration of the 2'-C and 3'-C of the four isomers were postulated based upon their 1H NMR spectra as compared with the 1H NMR spectra of isoharringtonine and its stereoisomers.

2-氧代-6-甲基庚酰基三尖杉碱(3)与0-(1-甲氧基异丙基)羟基乙酸甲酯(4)在强碱性试剂二异丙胺锂存在下，起亲核加成反应，反应中间体5在室温用酸性丙酮水解，得到一种新的三尖杉酯类生物碱一一高异三尖杉酯碱(6c)及其立体异构体(6a、6b、6d)的混合物，产率56%、通过制备薄层层析分得这四个立体异构体，它们的1H NMR和异三尖杉酯碱及其立体异构体的1H NMR类似，推定了它们的绝对构型。

Immunofluorescence microscopy may be used to follow the movement of two proteins from different cells following fusion of the cells to form a hybrid heterokaryon.

免疫荧光显微术可用来观察两种细胞融合后形成的杂交异核体中来源不同的两种蛋白质的运动。

Some of them undergone sustained division at a density as low as 102/ml or even in a single heterokaryon culture.

培养24—48小时后用稀释法挑选出异核体，部份异核体可在低密度(10~2/ml)甚至单细胞条件下持续分裂。

Immediately after fusion the two integual proteins are found segregated at either end of the heterokaryon but with time diffuse to all areas of the cell surface .

刚融合时，两种内在蛋白分居在异核体两侧，但随着时间的推移，即扩散到整个杂交细胞表面。

Hyphae with nuclei of different genotypes can fuse to form a heterokaryon.

当含有两种不同基因型的菌丝融合在一起时，可以形成异核体。

RESULT: 1.Ouabain act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane discontinuous,epithelium cells clustered,occluding zonule seperated,lens fiber layers fractured.Under the EM,cells totally hollowed,mitochondria swelling,myelin figure appeared.RT-PCR examine the expression condition of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all decreased.2.Digoxin act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens cell oedema,linkage distructed,extensive exfoliation.Under the EM,plasma appeared little half-transparant hollow region,mitochondria swelling and ridge disappeared. RT-PCR examine,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all decreased.3.Amphotericin B act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens epithelium cells linked tightly,arranged in-line,lens fiber layers arranged tightly and regularily.Under the EM,abbundant cellular organes,exuberant cells function indicated. RT-PCR examine the expression condition of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level,α1 and α3-isoform are increased significantly,demonstrated isoform-specific action.4D-thyroxine act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens plasmalemma integrated,cells arranged tightly and regularily.Under the EM,nucleus fission appeared,desmosome half-desmosome and tensile microfilaments linked the cells. RT-PCR examine,α2 and α3-isoform are increased, also demonstrated isoform-specific action.5.Vitamin E act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane continuous and smooth,epithelium cells tightly linked,lens fiber layers appearede hollow region occasionally.Under the EM,lateral membrane high density belt appeared,abundant nucleolus. RT-PCR examine,onlyα1-isoform are increased, demonstrated significantly isoform-specific action.6.DMSO act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane slightly thicker,cells linkage partly distructed.Under the EM,plasmalemma denaturation,mitochondria swelling.RT-PCR examine,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all altered slightly and haven't significant meanning.

结果：1、哇巴因作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜断裂、上皮细胞聚积、闭合连接分离、纤维板层裂隙，电镜下全层细胞空泡化、线粒体肿胀出现髓样结构，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达均减弱。2、地高辛作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体细胞水肿、细胞连接破坏、广泛剥离，电镜下胞质见少许半透明空化区、线粒体肿胀嵴消失，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达均减弱。3、两性霉素B作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体上皮细胞紧密连接、线状排列、纤维板层紧密规整，电镜下细胞器丰富、细胞功能旺盛，RT-PCR法检测α1及α3表达显著增强、具有一定的重整异构作用特异性。4、D甲状腺素作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体质膜完整、细胞排列紧密规整，电镜下胞核见分裂像、细胞间有桥粒、半桥粒及张力微丝，RT-PCR法检测α2及α3表达均增强、亦有一定的重整异构作用特异性。5、维生素E作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜连续光滑、上皮细胞紧密连接、纤维板层偶见空化，电镜下囊侧膜内有高电子密度带、细胞核仁丰富，RT-PCR法检测仅有α1的表达显著增强、具有极强的重整异构作用特异性。6、二甲基亚砜作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜轻度增厚、细胞连接部分破坏，电镜下质膜变性、线粒体肿胀，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达无显著改变。

They were able to confirm which pairs of mutants were allelic and which were not by using the heterocaryon test.

他们通过异核体测验可以确定哪些突变型是等位的，哪些是非等位的。

Plant protoplasts from several species of plant were fused successfully by electrofusion method, and a good procedure for electrofusion of plant protoplasts in wideinterval chamber was established according to the results.

在植物原生质体的电融合研究中，着重进行了甘蓝与大白菜原生质体的杂交融合和异核体培养，并建立了实用的电融合方法和操作程序

Fusion of fungal hyphae of differing genetic complements leads to heterokaryons.

真菌的菌丝融合，由于不同的遗传上互补，导致异核体的产生。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。