异染色体

We established the technical system to obtain the EST library of plant specific chromosome,which is important to gain the ESTs and genes located on specific chromosome and provide a new tools for complicated allopolyploid genome research.

本项目获得了建立植物特定染色体EST文库的技术体系，它对分离特定染色体的EST及克隆新基因有重要参考价值，也为异源多倍体植物基因组研究提供了新的技术手段。

Using the methods of classical shape size measuring and chromosome analysis, we studied the morphological characters and Karyotype of Cobitis sinensis in Xiangjiang River. We also investigated the evolution line and Karyotype polymorphism of the C . sinensis by the methods of cytological classification and cytocatalytic. Our results suggest that the formation of chromosome polymorphism was concerned with heterologous hybridization and some of C . sinensis may perpetuate in a clonal manner by natural gynogenesis.

本文以湘江流域的中华花鳅为研究对象，运用经典的形态测量观察方法、染色体制片技术对中华花鳅的形态生态特征、染色体组型进行了初步研究：运用细胞分类和进化方法对中华花鳅的核型演化和核型多态现象的形成进行了分析，提出：其核型多态的形成牵涉到鳅科鱼类的异源杂交，某些中华花鳅可能是行雌核发育生殖的。

Objective: To analysis the aberration of chromosome 9 heterochromatin for persons suspected to have chromosome abnormalities.

文章摘要：目的分析疑有染色体异常个体的9号染色体异染色质区的变异。

Recombination suppression in the sex-determining region and accumulation of deleterious mutations lead to degeneration of the Y chromosomes in many species with heteromorphic X/Y chromosomes.

这个问题一直困扰着科学家，在2008年最后一期的世界著名杂志《基因组研究》上，王秀娥和张文立博士发表了《番木瓜原始Y染色体的雄性特异区中DNA甲基化和异染色质化》的研究论文，初步揭示了性染色体的起源变化机制。

According to the hybridization signals on chromosome positions, the origin of foreign idioplasm was confirmed.

通过荧光信号在染色体上的位置，证实远缘杂交后代中异源种质的染色体来源。

The analysis result indicates that the chromosome number of 38 accessions is ranged from 63 to 90 as same as septuploid, octoploid, enneaploid and decaploid, respective.

结果发现台湾鱼腥草收集品染色体数目介於63~90条之间，分别为七、八、九及十倍体，另发现染色体数84与85条之异数体收集品。

Medication during early pregnancy can cause fetal spina bifida, cleft palate, clubfoot, small limbs, Phocomelia, umbilical prominent cheek transverse fissure, cerebral meningocele, cerebral spinal cord dysfunction, osteogenesis imperfecta and fetal death. 2, prednisone: big neat administration during early pregnancy can cause stillbirth, streaming, no brains infants, small ectopic kidney, one-eyed, cleft palate, bone deformities, such as. 3, 6-8 weeks pregnant villus chromosome examination; pregnant 16-20 weeks to do the amniotic fluid puncture in amniotic fluid cell chromosome examination; At the same time, dynamic observation of maternal alpha-fetoprotein content; attention fetal B-track general shape and structural abnormalities offal.

妊娠早期用药可致胎儿脊柱裂，腭裂，畸形足，小肢，短肢畸形，脐突出，颊横裂，脑脊膜膨出，脑脊髓功能障碍，成骨发育不全及胎儿死亡。2、强的松：妊娠早期大齐整给药可引起死产、流、无脑儿、小异位肾、独眼、腭裂、骨畸形等。3、孕6-8周取绒毛组织进行染色体检查；孕16-20周行羊水穿刺做羊水细胞的染色体检查；同时，动态观察母血中的甲胎蛋白含量；注意B超跟踪胎儿大体形态和内脏结构是否异常。

F1 hybrid has the morphological feature which is between the male and female parents and shoed strong heterosis, exuberant vitality, late ripe period and low rate of self-fertility. The average chromosome configuration of F1 in PMC MI was 18.58Ⅰ+18.59Ⅱ+0.085Ⅲ+0.028Ⅳ. At anphase Ⅰ in PMC, some laggard chromosomes arranged in equatorial plate. Micronucleus and a lot of abnormal cells can be observed at dyad, tetrad and microspore.

杂种F1形态特征介于双亲之间，具有较强的杂种优势，生长旺盛，熟期晚，自交结实率较低。F1花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ平均染色体构型为18.58Ⅰ+18.59Ⅱ+0.085Ⅲ+0.028Ⅳ，PMC后期Ⅰ观察到部分落后染色体排列在赤道板上；二分体、四分体和小孢子时期，细胞内普遍观察到微核，且出现大量异形细胞。

The basic diploid number of chromosomes in the family Cobitidae was deemed to 2n=50. The C . sinensis with 2n=40 may originate from the ancestor of the subfamily Cobitidae. The C sinensis with 2n=90 which reserved all of 40 original chromosomes maybe result from heterologous hybridization among some fishes of the subfamily Cobitidae. The C . sinensis with 2n=76 is probably a branch of hybrid offspring.

鳅科鱼类染色体的祖先二倍数是2n=50，2n=40的中华花鳅可能是由类似于泥鳅的2n=50的鳅亚科祖先经罗伯逊易位2n=50→48→40转变而来的。2n=90的中华花鳅保留了初始的40条染色体，它可能是由2n=40的中华花鳅与同为鳅亚科的其它鱼类杂交后演化而来的。2n=76的中华花鳅并非异源三倍体，它可能是杂交后演化的一个分支。

Heterogametic sex The sex with dissimilar sex chromosomes, onebeing shorter than the other.

异配性别：具有不相同的性染色体，一条（哺乳类中为 Y 染色体）比另一条短一些。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。