异戊酸

The results show that there were no significant differences among the four forage rations in rumen pH, the concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, the ratios of acetate to propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate and valerate（P﹥0.05）. Only in 11:30, the concentrations of isovalerate caused by ration A and B were significantly higher than the other two rations(P﹤0.05).The milk yield caused by the ration C was significantly lower than the others (P﹤0.05). However, there were also no significantly differences among these four rations in the DM, fat, sugar, protein and scc of the milk. The milk fat and sugar of ration B and C were higher than ration A and D in number as well.

试验结果显示：各粗料组合日粮对各个时间点的瘤胃发酵指标：pH、TVFA、乙酸、丙酸、乙酸/丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸浓度均无显著差异（P﹥0.05），只在11：30时，日粮A、B的异戊酸浓度显著低于日粮C、D (P﹤0.05)；日粮C的产奶量显著低于其它三个日粮，而在乳干物质、乳脂、乳糖、乳蛋白、体细胞数上，各日粮均无显著差异，从数值上看，日粮B、C的乳脂和乳糖高于A、D。

The results showed that there were 8 kinds of aliphatic, 5 kinds of esters, 2 kinds of aldehydes, 2 kinds of nitrogen sulfur heterocyclic rings and one kind of hydrocarbon, alcoholics, ketone, lactones respectively in the analyzed 21 kinds of aroma components, and the content of furfural,β-methyl valeric acid, palmitic acid, nicotine, neohytadiene were higher, next were acetyl ethyl propionate, caleric acid, phenyl ethyl acetate, hydroxylic diethyl succinate.

结果表明，在分析出的21种香气成分中，分别有脂肪酸类8种，酯类5种，醛类2种，氮硫杂环类2种，烃类、醇类、酮类、内酯类各l种，其中相对含量较高的物质成分是糠醛、β-甲基戊酸、十六碳酸、烟碱、新植二烯，其次是乙酰丙酸乙酯、异戊酸、苯乙酸乙酯、羟基丁二酸二乙酯等。

Among them, 3 strains isolated from yellow water could convert lactic acid into ethanol and most strains isolated from Daqu could convert lactic acid into flavoring compositions such as ethanol, isobutyric acid, caproic acid or isovaleric acid etc.

其中，从黄水和大曲中分离到多种降乳菌，黄水中的3株菌可将乳酸转化为乙醇，大曲中的多数降乳菌可转化乳酸为异丁酸、己酸、异戊酸、乙醇等风味成分。

When using mixed diet as the substrate, sodium fumarate addition increased NDF digestibility, xylanase activity, total VFA concentration and propionate proportion, decreased acetate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate proportions, and acetate to propionate ratio.

当使用混合日粮为受质时，添加延胡索酸钠，提高了中洗纤维消失率、木聚糖酵素活性、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和丙酸的百分比，降低了乙酸、异丁酸与异戊酸的百分比和乙酸对丙酸的比例。

The simple method of one step synthesis of isoamyl isovalerate from isovaleraldehyde under aluminum isoamyloxide catalyst and ZnCl\-2 co catalyst was studied.

在自制的异戊醇铝催化剂和无水氯化锌助催化剂作用下，以异戊醛为原料一步合成出异戊酸异戊酯。

Using potassium bisulfate as the heterogeneous catalyst,isovaleric acid and n-butanol reacted to form flavor butyl isovalerate.

以异戊酸和正丁醇为原料，采用不溶于反应物系的硫酸氢钾为非均相催化剂合成了食用香料异戊酸丁酯。

Isoamyl isovalerate was synthesized through esterification reaction by using isovaleric acid and isoamyl alcohol as raw materials and nano-H4SiW12O40/SiO2 as catalyst, the influencing factors in the reaction were studied, and the results showed that the esterification rate could reach 98.6 % under the conditions of the ratio of alcohol-acid 1.4∶1, the use level of catalyst 5 %, and the reaction time 1.5 h.

以纳米复合钨硅杂多酸为催化剂，异戊酸和异戊醇为原料，通过酯化反应合成苹果油，对酯化反应的影响因素进行了研究，结果表明，在醇酸物质的量比为1.4∶1，催化剂用量5%，反应时间1.5h的条件下，酯化率可达98.6%。

Effects of isovaleric acid on the biosynthesis of biotechspiramycin were carried out in order to improve the percentage of isovalerylspiramycin Ⅲ and total isovalerylspiramycin of multi-components biotechspiramycin .

为了进一步提高多组分必特螺旋霉素中异戊酰螺旋霉素Ⅲ和总异戊酰螺旋霉素的含量，本文通过外源添加浓度为0.5 g/L的异戊酸使异戊酰螺旋霉素Ⅲ和总异戊酰螺旋霉素的含量分别比对照提高了38.32%和31%。

The influences of the reaction time,the reaction temperature,the mole ratio of isovaleric acid to isoamyl alcohol,the quantity of solid surperacid catalysts on the conversion rate of iaovaleric acid were studied.

介绍了一种利用超强酸TiO2/SO2－4催化合成异戊酸异戊酯的新工艺，研究了固体超强酸催化剂用量、酸醇摩尔比、反应时间和反应温度对异戊酸转化率的影响。

After the supplement of L-Leu, extracellular isovaleric acid was accumulated in vitro and then reabsorbed for eutilization, the ultimate relative content of isovalerylspiramycin II, isovalerylspiramycin III was increased by 41% and 50% respectively, and the relative content of total isovalerylspiramycins increased by 41.9% with the biological titer of biotechspiramycin being equal to that of the control group.

添加Leu对初级代谢影响不大，异戊酸在胞外积累，随后被重新吸收利用，最终异戊酰基螺旋霉素II和异戊酰基螺旋霉素III组分分别提高了41%和50%。同时总异戊酰基螺旋霉素相对含量也比对照提高了41.9%，效价和对照基本一致。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。