异常

The transforming growth factor-β superfamily, a large group of highly conserved growth factors including TGF-βs, activins and BMPs, regulate a wide variety of cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and migration. Signals from these growth factors are transduced by a group of Smad proteins. To date, there are nine vertebrate Smads, including the receptor-activated Smads , Smadsl-3, 5 and 8, the common mediator Smad4 and Smad4β, and the inhibitory Smads, Smad6 and 7. Signaling is initiated when the ligand induces assembly of a heteromeric complex of type Ⅱ and type Ⅰ TGFβ receptors. Then R-Smads are directly phosphorylated by activated type I TGF-β receptors.

在多种SMADS中，SMAD5令我们产生兴趣，基于三个原因：1、Smad5基因敲除胚胎中发现卵黄囊的异位造血以及CFU-GM祖细胞数目增加，表明SMAD5可能是早期造血发育的负向调控基因。；2、应用反义核酸封闭Smad5可以逆转TGF-β对祖细胞增殖的抑制效应，表明它可能介导TGF-β信号转导，后者的异常，包括某些SMADS的功能异常，和白血病紧密相关；3、Smad5基因定位在人染色体5q21，此区域的缺失和急性髓系白血病和骨髓增生异常综合症相关，因此，Smad5被怀疑为白血病抑制基因。

With the IAP Prediction System of Short-term Climate Anomaly, two sets of seasonal and extra-seasonal ensemble hindcasts have been performed during the period of 1980～1994 in order to assess the prediction skill of the IAP PSSCA with two different schemes The difference of the two schemes is in the different version of AGCM used, with the IAP AGCM 1 1 in one scheme and the IAP AGCM 1 2 with an improved surface albedo parameterization in the other Comparisons of the hindcast results with the observations show that IAP PSSCA is capable of predicting the precipitation anomaly to some extent In the eastern China largely affected by Asian monsoon and SST anomalies, the prediction skill is relatively high, especially in the Southeastern China where the anomaly correlation coefficient can reach as high as 0 50 in the severe flood and drought years This may suggest that the possible mechanisms for these severe disasters have been well captured by the IAP PSSCA The prediction skill is higher for the modified model AGCM 1 2 as the model's climatological state is well simulated This indicates that models with reasonable land process will improve the prediction skill for short-term climate prediction

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所研制的短期气候距平数值预测系统，种版本的大气环流模式：AGCM 1.1和AGCM 1.2，分别以2月11～19日的9天大气观测值为初始场，以给定海温为边界场，对1980～1994年的15年的降水异常进行了两组集合后报试验。对试验结果进行定量评估表明：IAP PSSCA对降水异常具有一定的预测能力，特别是在中国东部受东亚季风及海温异常影响的地区，IAP PSSCA具有较高的预报技巧，其中以东南区域(包括江淮流域和华南地区)最高，尤其是对有洪涝灾害的降水异常年，距平相关系数在0.50左右，接近可供业务使用的要求，说明模式能够抓住在东亚季风区存在的某种物理机制，从而提高了这一地区的预报技巧；另外，两个大气环流模式相比，改进了地表反照率的AGCM 1.2的15年集合平均预测技巧略高于AGCM 1.1，特别是在华北地区，预测效果有明显提高，这表明改进地表反照率从而改进了模式的气候平均态的模拟，能提高气候模式的预测能力，说明较好的陆面过程引入模式对短期气候预测是有益的。

At the one-cell stage, each embryo was injected with gradient doses of 2-8ng MO. The control morpholino, was purchased from Gene-Tools.To test the knockdown effectiveness of the morpholino, the tbx2-EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) construct was generated. And coinjection of morpholino with mRNA tests its specificity of the morpholino. Overexpression of tbx2 via mRNA microinjection helps us understand gaining function of tbx2. Results The tbx2-EGFP construct tests the knockdown effectiveness of the morpholino. Zebrafish embryos lacking tbx2 function have defects in cardiac contractility, rhythm and morphology in a dose-dependent manner. The embryos with c-MO are normal in development. Coinjection of morpholino with mRNA rescue the phenotype of tbx2 knocking down. The phenotypes include pericardial edema, hypogenetic ventricle, dilation of atria, arrhythmia, bradycardia, asystole, abnormal atrioventricular canal, aberrant valve and blood regurgitation.

结果荧光蛋白融合标记实验验证了tbx2-MO可以很好得阻抑斑马鱼胚胎tbx2的表达，tbx2-MO组胚胎在心脏收缩性、节律和形态学发生上出现了异常，心脏畸形随着注射剂量的增加而出现比较一致的表型，而c-MO组胚胎没有出现明显的畸形；tbx2-mRNA和tbx2-MO的共注射减少了tbx2-MO胚胎心脏畸形的发生率及减轻了心脏畸形的程度，验证了所设计合成的tbx2-MO对tbx2基因的抑制作用具有特异性；tbx2-MO组胚胎心脏缺陷包括心室发育不良、心房扩张、房室管和瓣膜异常以及心率缓慢、心律不齐、心脏停搏、血液返流等，并根据心脏发育异常的程度分为轻、中、重度畸形组tbx2-mRNA基因过表达胚胎没有见到心腔的形成。

Solves this symptom method to divide into the surgery and the non-surgery treats, the non-surgery treats for example the physical property treatment and the pharmacological treatment, the effect is not often good, the surgery treats may divide into the traditional surgery and micro creates the surgery two kinds, the traditional surgery method is in the lumbar vertebra fusion the pexia, although this method excised has created the lumbar vertebra narrow yellow ligament and the small surface joint, but the surgery time was long, the wound was big as well as although the lumbar vertebra fusion and fixed has removed the pathological change stage abnormal movement, but the neighbor stage's abnormal movement increased, between the awl in plate's pressure elevated obviously, the small articular process exceptionally drew back changes with the fixed stage bone quantityThe loss, causes the fixed stage vertical motion stage to draw back changes ASD[1], but new micro creates the surgery is opens a small wound in the back, and implants the interspinal to open, then solution lumbar vertebra narrow sickness question.

解决此种症状的方法分为手术及非手术治疗，非手术治疗例如物理性治疗和药物治疗，往往效果不佳，手术治疗又可分为传统手术和微创手术二种，传统手术方法就是腰椎融合内固定术，虽然此种方法切除了造成腰椎狭窄的黄韧带和小面关节，但手术时间长，伤口大以及腰椎的融合和固定虽去除了病变节段的异常活动，但邻近节段的异常活动增加，锥间盘内的压力明显升高，小关节突的异常退变和固定节段的骨量丢失，导致固定节段上下运动节段的退变ASD[1]，而新型的微创手术是在背部开一个小伤口，并植入棘突间撑开器，进而解决腰椎狭窄症的问题。

Ing places of equal thermal anomaly, an isanomalous map is the result.

如果在一世界图上把有相同温度异常的地点以等异常线画出来，结果就得到一张气温异常图。

If lines, called isanomals, are drawn on a world, joining places of equal thermal anomaly, an isanomalous map is the result.

如果在一世界图上把有相同温度异常的地点以等异常线画出来，结果就得到一张气温异常图。

Take the blood specimen to measure the hepatic and renal function and the tissue biopsy after the active and motive abnormities called toxical manifestation such as posture changes, abnormal sound, uneasiness, quiet, thrill, ataxia, convulsion and so on with toxic dose. Measure the tissue biopsy after death with lethiferous dose. If no toxicity or death occur after the experiment of 12 weeks, measure the hepatic and renal function and the tissue biopsy. There was no rat which had the toxical manifestation such as active or motive abnormities and 3 rats died because of environment or others after the experiment of 12 weeks.

实验中分别测定治疗剂量组小鼠在用药4周，8周，12周后的肝肾功能，并进行组织病理检查；中毒剂量组小鼠在出现行为、动作异常，如改变姿势、叫声异常、不安、安静、震颤、运动失调、惊厥等中毒表现时，取血液标本测定肝肾功能，并进行组织病理检查；致死剂量组小鼠发生死亡后进行组织病理检查；若12周实验结束时无小鼠出现中毒表现或死亡，则取血液标本测定肝肾功能，并进行组织病理检查。12周实验结束时，无小鼠出现动作、行为异常等中毒表现，有3只小鼠因为环境或其它原因发生死亡，病理检查结果正常。

The results indicated that the muta- tion and the allelic loss in 2 cases appeared in 6 cases of invasive bladder cancer but mot in superf- ical bladder cancer.

结果共检出6例异常，占40%，其中突变4例，等位基因缺失2例，发生在外显子4—8.6例异常均发生在浸润型癌，表浅型癌未检出异常。

Studies of developmental dyslexia structure image found that development dyslexia showed brain structure abnormal in the parietotemporal region, occipitotemporal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, and cerebellum et al , manifesting either in one specific area or by the asymmetry of one area; the functional image studies revealed that development dyslexia showed activity abnormal in most regions that proved to display structure abnormality; studies of brain functional connectivity demonstrates that the abnormality of development dyslexia happened not only in the connection between front-back part in one cerebral hemisphere, but also in the connection between the two hemispheres.

脑功能研究发现，发展性阅读障碍者出现脑结构异常的区域也大多表现出脑功能的异常。脑功能连接的研究发现，发展性阅读障碍者脑功能连接的异常不仅涉及到同侧脑区前后部分的连接，还涉及双侧脑区相应部分的连接。

Results All the children and their parents received interviews, otological examinations and clinical audiolugical teats. Their ages were between 4 and 15, with the average at 9.51±2.83.①The males were 341 (61.66%) and female 212 (38.34%), with the gender ratio of male to female as 1.61:1.②The peak of the age curves of treatment and the first onset of vertigo was 9.51 and 8.62-year-old, respectively.③20.98% of children with vertigo had normal results with peripheral vertigo more common in the rest.④ The semicircular canals were more likely to dysfunction if their relatives had vertigo or car sickness.

结果 ①553例儿童年龄4~15岁，平均9.51±2.83岁；男341例(61.66%)、女212例(38.34%)，男女之比为1.61：1；②就诊年龄和初次眩晕发病年龄的高峰期分别在9.51岁和8.62岁，发病无季节性，主要症状为自身或视物旋转，发作持续时间为数分钟至数小时；③约20.98%的儿童眩晕患者各项检查结果均正常，异常组中以外周性眩晕多见(78.04%， 341/437)，半规管功能异常者占63.83%(353/553)；④256例眩晕儿童直系家属中有眩晕史，其中171例(66.80%)出现水平半规管功能异常。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。