异基因的

"Epistasis:an interaction between nonallelic gene s, especially an interaction in which one gene suppresses the expression of another."

异位显性：非等位基因的相互作用，尤其是一个基因对另一个基因所表现的显性现象。

"Epistasis:an interaction between nonallelic genes, especially an interaction in which one gene suppress es the expression of another."

异位显性：非等位基因的相互作用，尤其是一个基因对另一个基因所表现的显性现象。

Forced expression of fez induces ectopic expression of dlx2 and dlx6, two genes involved in brain development.

通过显微注射含有Fez基因的DNA或mRNA使该基因在野生型斑马鱼胚胎中超表达，可以诱导两个与脊椎动物前脑发育相关的基因dlx2和dlx6发生提前和异位的表达。

Objective: To investigate the survival time of corneal rejection in allogene mice model and the effects of J2 on prevention of allograft rejection; To determine the effect of J2 on the immunal systems of both normal mice and those after allogeneic corneal transplantation.

目的： 研究同种异基因小鼠角膜移植后植片的生存时间及J2的抗角膜排斥反应的作用；研究J2对正常小鼠及同种异基因角膜移植小鼠的免疫系统的影响，从而探讨新型药物J2对于角膜移植排斥反应的作用机制。

Objectives:(1) to introduce immunetolerance in mice sciatic nerve allograft by intrathymic injection of allogene.(2) to compare the effect of fresh sciatic nerve allotransplantion and cold preserved sciatic nerve allotransplantation with different diameter.

研究目的：(1)探讨小鼠胸腺内注射异基因抗原在同种异体异基因坐骨神经移植免疫耐受中的作用；(2)比较不同直径的新鲜自体神经和冷冻异体神经移植的效果，探讨神经直径对神经移植效果的影响。

An expression vector was constructed with a safe marker gene, 6-phosphomannose isomerase, and an insect-resistant gene, Galanthus nivalis agglutinin, was used in rice genetic transformation in the present study.

采用农杆菌介导法将来源于大肠杆菌的6-磷酸甘露糖异构酶安全选择标记基因和雪花莲凝集素抗虫基因构建于同一表达载体上进行遗传转化，获得带有安全标记基因的抗褐飞虱转基因植株。

Positive rate was relatively high, and the foreign gene could also maintain in testicular tissue for a long time, it could still be detected in the tissue in 7 months after being injected. However. Deferent results could be gained when the detection were made with different primers on different sites of the recombinant plasmid. This could be explained by transgene lost when the foreign gene recombinated and integrated in heterogenetic cell, or transgene degradated by cell nucleases.

然而，我们也看到，在后代检测中，利用不同的引物扩增重组质粒不同部位时，检测结果存在差异，转基因阳性率不同，这种差异说明当外源基因进入到异源细胞内，在重组整合时发生了外源基因丢失的现象，并由此导致外源基因的整合率下降，也可能是受细胞内核酸酶的作用，使得外源基因遭到降解。

Through PCR and sequencing, a fragement sequence with lamin gene feature was obtained. It was of of transcriptional activity. In addition, we also cloned and identified giardial DNA topoisomerase gene.Our phylogenetic analysis showed that although Giardia diverged early but not first, thus, it is not as primitive as thought before.

然后进行了核纤层蛋白基因的扩增和鉴定，获得了一个具有明显核纤层蛋白基因特征的基因序列片段，并证明它是表达的且不具内含子；此外还克隆鉴定了作为核骨架重要成分的DNA拓扑异构酶II的基因；在此基础上结合已报导的不同进化地位生物上的数据进行了分子系统学分析，结果显示贾第虫虽然分支较早，但不象过去所认为的那么原始。

Majority of acute leukemias in infant, either acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myeloblastic leukemia, posses a chromosomal translocation affecting the 11q23 chromosome region which specifically inoles the mixed-lineage leukemia gene.1-3 Most pediatric leukemias with MLL rearrangement clearly hae a remarkably short latency.1,4 MLL gene rearrangement is also associated with secondary leukemias of patients preiously treated with the topoisomerase II inhibitors.4 The latency of these secondary leukemias is similarly ery short.4 Of note, the concordance rate of leukemia with MLL rearrangement in infant monozygotic twins approximates to 100%,1,4 and identical breakpoint in the MLL gene was shared in these pairs of identical twin infants with concordant ALL.1,4 Moreoer, the unique and clonotypic MLL fusion gene was detectable in neonatal blood spots for Guthrie cards from non-twined indiiduals who subsequently deeloped ALL.1,4 These obserations indicate not only that MLL fusion is generated in utero but also that MLL fusion proteins could be capable of inducing leukemic transformation with few, if any, secondary mutations.2,3,4 Greaes et al speculate that an MLL fusion protein somehow promotes rapid transition to full-blown disease in patients ia ery rapid clonal expansion, genetic instability, or inhibition of DNA damage repair.4 In general, for clonal expansion of malignancies, tumor cells often hae acquired strategies that escape immune sureillance of the hosts.5,6 Immune escape mechanisms also contribute to the failure of graft-ersus-leukemia effect after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.7 Therefore, leukemia cells could acquire some immune escape mechanisms during leukemogenesis.

绪论 绝大多数的婴儿白血病，不管是急性淋巴性白血病或是急性骨髓性白血病，在染色体11q23部位有染色体易位的情况；这个部位的染色体易位牵连了混合谱系白血病基因。大多数具有MLL基因重排的儿童白血病潜伏期明显短很多。MLL基因重排也和经拓扑异构酶II抑制剂治疗后的继发性白血病有关。这些继发性白血病的潜伏期类似地都非常的短。很重要的是，单卵双胞胎婴儿同时患有或同时免于MLL基因重排阳性的白血病的一致性接近100%；并且同样患有ALL的同卵双胞胎的MLL基因的断裂点是一致的。而且，这种独特的克隆特异性的MLL融合基因能够从那些得ALL的非双生个体出生时的血斑标本中检测到。这些发现表明MLL融合基因产生在胎儿还在子宫的是后，而且MLL融合蛋白能过和其他的基因突变一起诱导白血病的产生。Greaes 等推测MLL融合蛋白在某种情况下同过快速克隆增殖，遗传的不稳定性或是DNA损伤修复的抑制促使疾病迅速地全面爆发。恶性肿瘤细胞的克隆增殖通常已经获得了逃避机体免疫监视的能力。免疫逃避机制也归因于异体外周血干细胞移植后移植物抗白血病作用的失效。所以，白血病细胞在白血病的产生过程中可能获得了某些免疫逃脱机制。

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Chinese herbal medicine Antai Yangxue mixture on renal tubule epithelial cell apoptosis and Fas/FasL gene expression in rat allogenic transplanted kidney tissue, and to compare with syngeneic transplanted kidney rats.

目的：观察安胎养血合剂对异基因肾移植大鼠移植肾肾小管上皮细胞凋亡及Fas/FasL基因表达的影响，并与同基因肾移植大鼠进行对比。

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在，'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特，那麼，他来到和SAT 。