异基因的

Gracilis were applied to investigate the effect of proplastid on adaptability, in which such structure was found to be important to the competitiveness during heterotrophic growth in the dark; 2 a new procedure for differential display technology was developed and used to study the influence of plastid on nuclear gene expression, with which it was shown that the loss of plastid could cause remarkable changes in expression of certain nuclear genes.

本文主要有两点突出之处：1）应用裸藻褪色突变株与野生型的生长竞争实验探讨了原质体对于裸藻的适应意义，发现在黑暗环境和异养生长条件下原质体对于细胞的生存竞争有重要作用；2）改进了一种差异显示技术并利用该技术来研究质体的有无对基因表达的影响，证明质体丢失可导致某些核基因表达的显著变化。

Yang E,Korsmeyer SJ.Molecular thanatopsis:a discourse on the BCL-2 family and cell death.Blood,1996,88:386[3] Campos L,Rouanlt JP,Salido O,et al.High expression of BCL-2 protein in acute myeloid leukemia cells is associated with poor response to chemotherapy.

BCL-2是新一类癌基因——凋亡调控基因BCL-2家族的代表，其编码26kd的蛋白存在于线粒体、核膜及内质网，与同家族的其它成员组成不同比例的同、异二聚体而影响凋亡启动[6]。

Here we summarize the progress of salmon calcitonin's heterogenous expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems as well as the amidation of C-terminal. Both the biological activity of salmon calcitonin and the biologic expression system can be improved by genetic engineering techniques.

本文综述了鲑鱼降钙素基因在大肠杆菌、链霉菌、乳酸杆菌和蓝藻等原核细胞，在酵母、昆虫、动植物等真核细胞中异源表达的研究进展，以及通过基因工程的方法能够改进生物表达系统，提高鲑鱼降钙素活性的动态。

Pneumoniae FH strain was cloned and the sequence was analysed by M13 DNA sequencing method. Comparing the PCR product sequcence with MP M-129 strain P1 gene, we found that there are 4 bases different. This may result from the different MP DNA templates. The maximum homology is 98.8%. The result confirmed the fidelity and specificity of the amplified target DNA segment by PCP, and suggested that two categories of MP P1 gene still exist a few differences even in the conservation region. The cloning MP DNA segment was labelled by random hexanucleotide priming, after hybridization, the probe detection was completed using an anti-digoxigenin antibody alkaline phosphatase conjugate, and the substrates 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate and nitro blue tetrazolium. This hybridization system is much superior to the radioactive probe hybridization, because it is safe, easy to handle and has no limitation of decay time. The time required for colormetic detection is also much less than the corresponding autoradiographic exposure time needed to achieve similar detection limits with 32P-labelled probes. The Dig-probes could be used repeatedly, and this made them not only much convenient to use, but also lower the cost, and worthwhile to be used popularly.

将PCR产物进行重组，并将阳性重组质粒，应用M13测序系统对产物进行DNA序列分析，并与MPM-129株P1基因核苷酸进行同源性比较，发现有4个位置的碱基发生了变化，其同源性为98.8％，证实了PCR所扩增DNA片段的准确性和特异性，同时也证实了不同MP组型的P1基因即使在保守区也存在着一定的差异，将克隆的目的DNA片段用异羟基洋地黄毒苷配基用随机引物法标记制备MP DNA探针，杂交后用碱性磷酸酶标记的抗Dig多克隆抗体与杂交体反应，再用BCIP和NBT呈色，制备MP DNA探针，鉴定所扩增片段的特异性，与同位素探针比较，Dig探针不受半衰期限制，可反复使用，而且价格低廉，值得推广使用。

The results of HPLC tests indicated that Bt toxin in Bt transgenic cotton had not obviously affected the contents of flavonoids (mainly rutin and isoquercitrin and a few quercetin ),contradictively ,the result of combined dosage test in vitro showed that that rutin had significantly enhanced the suppression of Bt-ICP on the cotton bollworm larvae., in addition to the

采用高效液相色谱法测定转Bt基因棉花主要抗虫黄酮类化合物的的变化，结果表明外源Bt杀虫蛋白表达不会对棉花自身原有的主要抗虫黄酮类物质（包括芸香苷、异槲皮苷和含量较少的槲皮素）产生不利的影响，因此可以将Bt杀虫蛋白基因转入抗虫黄酮类物质中国农业科学院博士学位论文含量高的棉花品系。

We aim to screen and identify the key potential trans-factors during hemoglobin switch. We firstly analyzed differential expression of mRNAs in erythroid induction cultures of CD34+ cells derived from normal umbilical cord blood, adult bone marrow, and bone marrow of a heterocellular hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin patient. We identified ZF (HCF-binding transcription factor, Zhangfei) and SH3GLB1(SH3-domain GRB2-like endophilin B1) that had differential expression in the above three cultures. Furthermore, we confirmed the different expression of the above two genes by quantitative real-time PCR.

为鉴别影响珠蛋白基因表达和开关的新的重要调节因子，我们首先分析了人脐带血、正常成人骨髓和异细胞型胎儿血红蛋白持续存在综合症患者骨髓细胞红系诱导培养物中基因表达的差异，发现ZF(HCF-binding transcription factor，Zhangfei)和SH3GLB1（SH3-domain GRB2-like endophilin B1）在这三种不同来源的红细胞内具有显著的表达差异，并通过实时定量PCR方法验证了差异的真实性。

Label with LC-Red640 and LC-Red750 two are aimed at above all 112 code with 158 child detect 5 ′ carry bougie, corresponding anchor decides bougie to be labelled by fluorescence in 3 ′ end, circulate quickly from inside DNA of person gene group again PCR is distinctive the enlarge that make thing adds part of ApoE gene 265bP and with distinctive bougie cross hind, cause fluorescent resonance energy to transfer, the occurrence that passes different source cross and fault match alkaline base the fusible parameter of the type will finish feral model divide with choppy gene model.

首先以LC-Red640和LC-Red750标记两条针对112和158位编码子的检测探针5′端，相应的锚定探针在3′端被荧光标记，再从人基因组DNA中快速循环PCR特异引物扩增apoE基因265bP片段并和特异探针杂交后，引发荧光共振能量转移，通过异源杂交的出现和错配碱基的类型的熔解参数来完成野生型和突变基因分型。

In order to elucidate the regulation mechanism of RU5 region to BFV gene expression, BFV3026 provirus DNA was used to construct the plasmids containing different deletion of R region, which were cotransfected with luc report gene locatied behind the IP promoter to BL12 cells, and luciferase activities was assayed, confirming that U5 region could repress the initiation function of LTR as well as IP. The BFV structure genes with different deletion of R region were cloned closely behind to heterogenous CMV promoter, then transfected to 293T cells, RT activity was performed, testifying the R region was required for BFV pol gene expression, and also the function domain was identified within the 100n.t. sequence at the 5′end.

以牛泡沫病毒(Bovine foamy virus， BFV)中国株BFV3026原病毒DNA为材料，构建R区系列缺失质粒，通过对其转染细胞中RT水平及对缺失质粒与luc报告质粒共转染细胞中萤火虫荧光素酶活性的测定，确立U5区对于BFV3026两类启动子LTR和IP均具有负调控作用；同时将带有不同R区的BFV3026结构基因片段克隆于异源启动子CMV之下，通过对其转染细胞293T中RT酶活性的测定，确立R区对于病毒结构基因pol的表达具有一定的调节作用，并将其功能区域初步界定在R区5′端100bp内。

By splicing in genes from other bugs, the company was able to engineer synthetic metabolic pathways—ones that do not exist in nature—that enable the bacteria to produce isoprene from the sugars found in plant materials such as sugar cane, corn cobs and switchgrass, a tall-growing variety native to North America.

Genencor的科学家们通过将大肠杆菌的基因与其它菌类基因接合，则能研发出前所未有的代谢合成途径，使细菌能从植物所含的糖类中制造出异戊二烯，这些含糖植物包括甘蔗、玉米棒和北美特有的变异品种柳枝稷等。

The experimental results showed that all characters accorded with the addi tiv e-dominant-epistatic model, the additive gene effect and dominant gene effect pl ayed an important role in most characters of 6 crosses, epistatic gene effects w ere significant in all crosses for the 6 investigated traits, additive generic g ene-effects were more important on the spikelets per panicle and spike lets density than its non-additive generic gene-effects (［h］+［j］+［l］), b ut the l atter were relatively more crucial on the days to heading and panicle length in the two tested lines.

结果表明：六个性状都符合加性-显性-上位性模型，加性效应对两个多小穗小麦品系各性状的遗传有重要作用，部分性状存在显著的显性效应，不同类型上位性效应对各性状有不同程度的影响；各性状之间各类基因效应平方和百分比差异较大，不同类型上位性基因效应平方和百分比大小因被测系、组合而异。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。