异基因

Only allochromosome allotopia is not explainable to the gene expression of stem cells.

如果仅仅是异染色质的错位，则不是干细胞基因表达的结果，在干细胞自我更新中充分证明，异染色质的改变导致了组蛋白的改变。

In iron-deficient cells, photosynthetic pigments content decreased, efficiency of photosynthesis was low, With the increase of the concentration of the iron-chelator 2, 2'-Dipyridyl in media, Fv/Fm decreased, indicating photoinhibition increased, the results were consistent with previous research; Heterocyst induction had one delayed time dependent on the status of iron-deficiency, More severe of the iron-deficiency condition, more late of the heterocyst induction, It is possible that certain iron-related genes may directly regulate heterocyst development; under different iron limitation conditions, Protein pattern were different, more serious of the iron-deficiency conditions, less bands of the protein pattern, We could not find the iron-deficiency induced protein; In general the toxic effects of ROS were potentiated by excess iron, But our results revealed that even under iron-deficiency conditions, Oxidative damage existed.

铁限制的细胞光合色素含量下降，光合作用能力下降，随着铁螯合剂2，2'-dipyridyl浓度的增加，叶绿素荧光F〓／F〓逐渐降低，显示光抑制变强。与前人的研究结果相似；依赖铁缺失状态，异形胞诱导有一段推迟的时间，铁缺失越严重，诱导越迟，推断某些铁相关的基因会直接调节异形胞发育；在不同铁营养条件下，蛋白质图谱的变化趋势很明显，缺铁越严重，则蛋白质谱带数愈少，但本文未能找到特异诱导蛋白；一般认为铁过量情况下ROS产生加强，本文结果显示即便在铁缺失条件下，也有氧化胁迫伤害，而且缺铁越严重，活性氧伤害越大。

If 〓mRNA positive expression, its DNA heteroploid type display as triploid or hypodiploidy, if 〓mRNA negative expression, its DNA heteroploid type display as hyperdiploidy、tetraploid or Bistem line. These from one flank demonstrate the role of 〓 gene suppress the proliferation of malignant tumor

表达阳性者，其DNA异倍体主要表现为三倍体或低二倍体，〓表达阴性者，其DNA异倍体主要表现为高倍体、四倍体和双干系，从一个侧面显示出〓基因的抑制恶性肿瘤细胞增殖的作用。

Results The p53 gene mutation rate of colorectal cancer was 50%. The rate of apoptosis of tumor cells having mutation of p53 gene (22.11%) was much lower than that having no p53 mutation (40.57%, P＜0.05). Heteroploid cells had been found in 10/13 tumor samples with p53 gene mutation and 6/13 samples without p53 mutation (P＜0.05). The rate of apoptosis had no difference between the heteroploid cases and diploid cases.

结果 大肠癌标本p53基因突变率为50%；其中突变组肿瘤细胞凋亡率(22.11%)明显低于未突变组细胞凋亡率(40.57%)，(P＜0.05)；突变组异倍体细胞百分率(占76.9%)明显高于未突变组(占46.2%)，(P＜0.05)；异倍体肿瘤细胞凋亡率为34.0%，二倍体肿瘤细胞凋亡率为40.7%，二者差异无显著性(P＞0.05)。

A diverse range of bacteria can utilize these xenobiotics as substrates and mineralize them or convert them into harmless products, and help to clean up the environment.

一些微生物能够利用这些生物异源物质，将它们矿化或转化为无毒物质，同时净化了环境。对微生物降解异源污染物相关的基因，酶及代谢途径的研究逐渐加深，大大推动了微生物在环境污染治理方面的研究和应用。

Objective To compare the effectiveness of heteroduplex, SSCP and heteroduplexSSCP analyses in mutational screening.

目的比较异源双链、单链构像多态、异源双链SSCP法筛查突变的效率，寻找简便有效的基因突变筛查方法。

SW480 and SW620 cells were also used to study the gene regulation with high carbohydrate intake, where it was shown that during glycolysis eight genes, HK1 (nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, transcript variant 1), GPI, GAPD (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), PGK1 (phosphoglycerate kinase 1), PGK2 (phosphoglycerate kinase 2), ENO2 (enolase 2), PKM2 (pyruvate kinase, muscle, transcript variant 2) and GLUT1 (facilitated glucose transporter, member 1) are over-expressed. In our study, we also found that during hypoxia of cancer tissues the resulting up-regulation of HIF-2α(hypoxia-inducible factor 2, alpha subunit) would in turn up-regulate the GLU1 gene, further activating glycolysis.

另一方面，在高碳水化合物的调控研究上，吾人也利用SW480和SW620细胞株分析证实醣解水解活化过程中，其六碳醣激酶-1(HK1)、葡萄糖磷酸异构酶、3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶、磷酸甘油酸激酶-1(PGK1)、磷酸甘油酸激酶-2(PGK2)、烯醇酶-2(ENO2)、丙酮酸激酶-2(PKM2)以及葡萄糖输送蛋白-1(GLUT1)等共有8个基因是连续上升的过度表现；此外，吾人也发现当癌细胞在缺氧的组织中，其缺氧转录子-2α基因(HIF-2α)表现上升后，会活化GLU1基因上升，进一步活化醣解代谢的进行。

An expression vector was constructed with a safe marker gene, 6-phosphomannose isomerase, and an insect-resistant gene, Galanthus nivalis agglutinin, was used in rice genetic transformation in the present study.

采用农杆菌介导法将来源于大肠杆菌的6-磷酸甘露糖异构酶安全选择标记基因和雪花莲凝集素抗虫基因构建于同一表达载体上进行遗传转化，获得带有安全标记基因的抗褐飞虱转基因植株。

Heteroduplex molecules have been made by mixing pJSA1175 and pJSAl175ADRV4, pJSA1175ADRV4 and pJSAl175RRV4 DNA molecules which have been linearized by Pst Ⅰ and Bgl Ⅱ respectively, denaturing them in alkaline or high temperature, allowing them to renature and then spreading in the presence of formamide.

以痘苗病毒表达载体pJSA1175及重组质粒pJSA1175ADRV4(含ADRV VP4基因)、pJSA1175RRV4(含猴轮状病毒VP4基因)为材料，用碱变性方法或热变性方法制备了载体质粒与重组质粒DNA之间的异源双链，电镜下成功观察到载体序列部分经变性、复性后配对呈双链状态，而外源基因区域突出呈单链环状结构，测量长度为2.3kb。

In order to develop a new path for gene mapping of fish, the digoxigenin and tritium labeled in situ hybridization techniques combined with multiple banding analysis on the pachytene bivalents of M. albus were studied using the wheat ribosomal RNA genes, pig growth hormone gene and MaSoxl (M. albus SRY boxl) DNA segment as the probes. Moreover, the techniques of random primed in situ DNA synthesis were also developed on the bivalents of M.

以两种异源基因和Ma Soxl为探针，采用地高辛或氟标记的原位杂交技术，结合点渍法和DNA印渍法分析，率先在黄鳝减数分裂二价体上开展基因定位研究，并与多重带带型分析相结合，以期为构建黄鳝染色体框架图奠定初步基础，为迅速改变鱼类基因定位研究的落后局面而开辟新的途径。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失