异养性

In this paper, heterotrophic index of Hanjiang River and water system of Changde City was analysed using fractal theory.

对常德和汉江的异养性指数进行了分形分析，表明异养性指数在二维空间分布具有自相似性。

During restoration experiment, several functional and structural parameters (number of species, diversity index, percentage of phytomastigophora, community pollution value, heterotrophy index, similarity index between communities) were determined weekly.

在修复实验过程中，定期测定微型生物群落的各种结构和功能参数（种类数，多样性指数，植鞭毛虫百分比，群落污染值，异养性指数，群落结构的相似性指数），通过它们的变动机制和规律，再现了修复过程中微型生物群落的演替过程。

Result The heterobacteria, vibrios and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus were the roost in fertilized eggs of shrimp rot the least in nauplius, then their number would increase with growth. During whole rearing period, both heterobacteria in larvae, vibrios in water would increase by one order of magnitude, while both vibrios in larvae and heterobacteria in water would increase by two orders of magnitude.

结果］异养菌、弧菌和致病性副溶血菌数量都是对虾受精卵中高，无节幼体中最低，而后逐渐升高在整个育苗期，对虾幼体中异养菌和养殖水体中弧菌增加1个数量级，对虾幼体中弧菌和养殖水体中异养菌均增加2个数量级。

Flocculation+0.45μm filter is selected as the pretreatment of the method proposed here.(9) A set of standard methods for ASMs COD characterization is suggested in the thesis and it advantages are:①Respirometry is adopted to measure RBCOD and SBCOD;②SI is determined from raw wastewater and so there is no influence of inert products;③Heterotrophic biomass in wastewater is measured;④The key instrument used in the standard methods-hybrid respirometer, has high automatic level and friendly user interface which simplifies the respirometry. So the suggested standard methods are practical.(10) According to the suggested standard methods, the influent COD of a wastewater treatment plant in Chongqing, China, is characterized.

9提出一套表征城市污水COD组分的标准化方法建议，其特点在于：①以呼吸测量作为RBCOD和SBCOD的测量方法，与以往以物理化学方法为主的做法有着本质区别；②对原水直接进行分析测试来获得SI组分，不受溶解性惰性产物的干扰；③考虑了污水中活性异养微生物组分的单独测量；④所依赖的核心仪器-呼吸测量仪具有很高的自动化程度和简单友好的用户界面，使原本复杂的呼吸测量实验及其结果的分析统计简单化，所建议的标准化方法具有很好的实用性。

FUNGI Fungi are almost entirely multicellular, heterotrophic (deriving their energy from another organism, whether alive or dead), and usually having some cells with two nuclei multinucleate, as opposed to the more common one, or uninucleate per cell.

FUNGI Fungi是几乎完全地多细胞性，异养(获得他们的能量从另一个有机体，是否活或死)和通常有与二个中坚力量的有些细胞多核，与更加共同一个相对或者单核每个细胞。

Results showed that in the water body of Xizi Lake, annual average of culturable planktonic ammonifiers and nitrogen fixers were 510 and 236 CFU/mL, respectively; Ammonia oxidizers, nitrite oxidizers, nitrate reducers and denitrifiers were 8.5, 16, 587 and 16 MPN/mL, respectively; Inorganic phosphate solubilizing bacteria (1PB) and organic phosphorus mineralizing bacteria were 89 CFU/mL and 37 MPN/mL, aerobic and anaerobic cellulose decomposers were 7 and 5 MPN/mL, respectively.

水体中可培养异养细菌和固氮菌的年平均值分别为510和236CFU／mL，氨氧化细菌、亚硝酸氧化细菌、硝酸盐还原菌和脱氮菌的数量分别为8.5、16、587和16 MPN／mL；无机磷和有机磷分解菌分别为89 CFU／mL和37 MPN／mL；好氧性纤维素分解菌和厌氧性纤维素分解菌只有7和5 MPN／mL。

According to the above study result, the diversity of microorganisms population in the SUFR system is complex and the bio-community formed in the SUFR system is stable. The close relations between abundance of bacteria and nutrients were found. The correlation between heterotrophic bacteria and COD was 0.949. The correlation between organic phosphate bacteria and TP was 0.815. The correlation between nitrosobacteria and NH3-N was 0.909. The correlation between disnitrifier bacteria and TN was 0.653. These inneglectable great factors effecting on phosphorus-uptake and phosphorus-release of phosphorus accumulating organisms are the influent COD、the concentration of DO、the sludge retention time、the temperature. The diversity of organic phosphate bacteria population in the SUFR reactor was complex and there is no phosphate bacteria taking the absolute superiority in quantity. The near-native pure culture method powerfully complement the traditional pure culture technique and enrich culture technique. The sludgy bioactivity is very good in whole SUFR reactor. By the quality of being biochemistry, the anaerobic phase is higher than anoxic phase and the anoxic phase is higher than aerobic phase of SUFR.

通过以上试验内容研究发现，SUFR 系统中的微型动物种群较多，微生物生态系统稳定；系统中微生物的数量与营养盐的含量密切相关，其中总异养菌与COD的相关系数r 为0.949，有机磷细菌与TP 的相关系数r 为0.815，亚硝化菌与NH4+-N的相关系数r 为0.909，反硝化菌的数量和TN 的相关系数r 为0.653；污水生物除磷工艺中进水COD 的浓度、DO 浓度、泥龄的长短、温度都是影响聚磷菌释磷及吸磷效果的不可忽视的因素；SUFR 系统中的磷细菌呈现种群多样化的趋势，没有占绝对优势数量的磷细菌；微孔滤膜近自然培养法是对传统纯培养技术和富集培养技术的有力补充；整个SUFR 反应器系统中污泥的生物活性很好，就可生化性来讲，厌氧反应器大于缺氧反应器大于好氧反应器；按照动力学方程式求出的细胞生长动力学特征值和SUFR 脱氮除磷系统工艺的实测值结果基本吻合。

There were many heterobacteria aid vibrios but few Vibrio parahaemolyticus in living bait. The correlation coefficients between larvae and heterobacteria and vibrios in water were 0.704 and 0.840 in culture system respectively, while the correlation among heterobacteria, vibrios in living bait and larvae, oater were weak or negative.

活饵中异养菌和弧菌数量很大，致病性副溶血弧菌量很低养殖体系中幼体与水体中的异养菌和弧菌的相关系数分别为0.704和0.840；活饵中异养菌、弧菌与对虾幼体和养殖水体相关性很低或呈负相关。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。