异倍体

The research progress on synthetic allopolyploid including type, inducement method and utilization status in crop genetic improvement were summarized, and the feasibility and importance for using it to improve crop varieties were discussed. Finally, the existing problems in relevant researches were analyzed, and the future studies were prospected.

概述了近年来植物人工异源多倍体的研究进展，包括人工异源多倍体的类型、诱导方法及其在植物遗传改良中的应用现状，探讨了利用人工异源多倍体进行农作物品种遗传改良的可行性和重要性，并对相关研究中的问题进行了分析和展望。

There was also not any haploid metaphases (n=16 or 19) was detected in hybrids. However, about 1-2% metaphases observed in this study was allopolyploid. GISH proved that they was made up of haploid genomes of M. nobilis (n=16) and triploid genomes of C. farreri (n=57). GISH was also employed to detect different chromosome components and identify donor chromatin in hybrids between C. farreri♀×A.

但我们检测到了约1-2%异源多倍体的分裂相，GISH分析后发现这些分裂相是由单倍的华贵栉孔扇贝的染色体和多倍的栉孔扇贝染色体组成，比如论文中图示了一个异源四倍体的分裂相，它是由单倍的华贵栉孔扇贝的染色体(n=16)和三倍的栉孔扇贝染色体(3n=57)组成。

Studies on sequence changes in the early genomes of interspecific F_1 hybrid and amphidiploid in CucumisIn the present study,extensive genomic changes were detected in newly obtained allotetraploid of Cucumis,namely Cucumis hytivus Chen and Kirkbride,by AFLP analysis using 12 pairs of EcoR-I/Mse-I primers.

甜瓜属远缘杂种F_1及人工异源双二倍体早期基因组序列变化研究利用12对Eco RI/Mse I选择性引物，对甜瓜属人工异源双二倍体C.hytivus及其二倍体父母本进行AFLP分析，结果发现多倍体基因组在形成早期发生了广泛的序列变化。

F〓 of transgenic allotetraploid fish containing"all-fish"transgene——pCAgcGHc was obtained respectively by inbreeding and gynogenesis. Positive rate of pCAgcGHc detected by PCR was 90％ in F〓 of transgenic allotetraploid fish produced by inbreeding, while most F〓 of transgenic allotetraploid fish produced by gynogenesis showed diploidy measured by flow cytometer. The results above imply that developing the pure line of transgenic allotetraploid fish through inbreeding is feasible, but the operation should be modified if gynogenesis is introduced.

采用近交和雌核发育方法培育出转pCAgcGHc基因异源四倍体鲫鲤F〓代，通过PCR检测，外源基因pCAgcGHc在近交转pCAgcGHc基因异源四倍体鲫鲤F〓中的整合率为90％，而流式细胞技术检测雌核发育转pCAgcGHc基因异源四倍体鲫鲤F〓的倍性多为二倍体，说明通过近交筛选转基因异源四倍体鲫鲤纯系的方法是可行的，但是通过雌核发育来筛选转基因异源四倍体鲫鲤纯系还要就方法上进一步的改进。

Since F3, the tetraploidy was maintained from one generation to another and to date FH allotetraploid hybrids were producedF:!

四倍体鱼不但兼有父母本的扩增带，而且也有变异，为四倍体鱼是异源四倍体而不是同源四倍体提供了分子生物学证据。

With the stable genetic tetraploidy and the fertility in the nature environments, this allotetraploid population presented the key factors to form a new species with 200 chromosomes.

异源四倍体鲫鲤稳定的染色体数目和正常的性腺结构以及自然条件下的生殖传代行为，说明该异源四倍体鲫鲤已成为一个染色体数目为4n=200、遗传性状稳定的新型四倍体鱼群体，具备形成新种所需的关键因素。

With the stble genetic tetraploidy and the fertility in the nature environments, this allotetraploid population presented the key factors to form a new species with 200 chromosomes.

异源四倍体鲫鲤稳定的染色体数目和正常的性腺结构以及自然条件下的生殖传代行为，说明该异源四倍体鲫鲤已成为一个染色体数目为4n=200、遗传性状稳定的新型四倍体鱼群体，具备形成新种所需的关键因素。

Methods DNA aneuploid and TA were detected respectively in 165 cases of malignant pleural effusion and 127 cases of benign dropsy of chest (benign group, including tuberculous,other effusion and transudate of chest) by FCM and TRAPHybELISA.Carcinoembryonic antigen was also detected in the two groups.The difference of DNA aneuploid and TA between these two groups was analyzed.

恶性积液165份、良性积液127份(包括结核性、其他渗出液、漏出液)，应用流式细胞术检测DNA异倍体、端粒末端重复序列扩增—杂交—酶联免疫分析技术检测TA，同时检测临床常用的癌胚抗原，比较各类积液中上述3项指标检测结果的差异。

Results There were no sinificant difference in incidence of aneuploid and highs synithesis phase fraction, the size and distribution of AgNOR between unrecurrent and recurrent tumors, and there were sinificant difference between benign and malignant tumors, and there were singnificant differenct in the number and shape of AgNOR between the groups, and a linear positive correlation was observed between that obvious positive correlation was observed between highs SPF and number of AgNOR.

结果 异倍体率，高S期细胞比率率，AgNOR大小和分布在无复发与复发组间无显著差异，而良性与恶性肿瘤间有显著差异；AgNOR数目和形态各组间有显著差异；高SPF率与AgNOR均能反映其细胞增殖活性。

Thus, the meiotic chromosome cofigurations showed that the tetraploids and hexaploids in C.reticulata allopolyploids, and the appearance of a few tetravalents in some populations might indicatehomology of chromosomes in different genomes to some extent.

根据减数分裂的构型，我们认为，四倍体和六倍体分别为异源四倍体和异源六倍体，少数四价体的存在表明染色体有部分同源性。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。