异位

Cardiac transplantation ; Heterotopia ; Chronic rejection ; Animal model ; Rat

心脏移植；异位；慢性排斥；动物模型；大鼠

Widely available MRI has unveiled the greater-than-expected prevalence of gray matter heterotopia.

MRI的广泛应用显示灰质异位的发病率超过了以往的预期

All types typically present with epilepsy in the second decade of life with disorders of cognition being proportionate to the area of heterotopia.

各种类型都表现为在第二个十年出现癫痫并伴有相当于异位区域的认知障碍。

Results: The lesions in 5 cases of gray matter heterotopia had similar signals with cerebral grey matter in MRI every sequence.

结果：5例脑灰质异位症患者在MRI各扫描序列上病灶信号与脑灰质信号完全相同，特别是在脑灰白质成像上对异位的灰质灶观察更为满意，更有利于判断病变的性质。

Heterotopia, simply defined, means a collection of neurons in an abnormal location, due to an arrest in migration.

灰质异位，简单的定义就是由于迁移障碍导致神经元位于异常的部位。

Neurodevelopmental disability is proportionate to the thickness of the heterotopic "band." The manifestations of this x-linked disease are more drastic than SEH; males suffer from lissencephaly, while females suffer from band heterotopia.

神经发育异常的严重程度取决于灰质带的厚度。。X-连锁性病变的现象比SEH更明显，男性表现为无脑回，女性表现为带状异位。

In rats, prenatal carmustine exposure produces loss of lamination in cortical structures and distinct nodular heterotopia, which are prone to hyperexcitability of neurons and may contribute to the increased seizure susceptibility observed in these animals.

采用给孕鼠腹腔注射卡莫司汀的方法可制作广泛型皮质发育障碍模型，组织学显示皮质层状结构消失，海马CA1区形成灰质异位结节，这些病理改变易引起神经元的过度兴奋，导致癫痫易感性增高。

Their ages ranged 6 to 13 years. Their EEGs were characterized by continuous spike-and-wave discharges during non-rapid eye movement sleep, accounting for 85%-100% of the period of NREM sleep. Clinically, these children had various types of epileptic seizures and exhibited different degrees of neuropsychiatric impairments, language dysfunction, and/or behavioral disturbances. Neuroimaging abnormalities were found in 6 cases, including atelencephalia or atrophy, gray matter heterotopia and leucomalacia. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates the characteristics of CSWS syndrome in clinical manifestations, EEG and neuroimaging examinations.

结果：9例患儿的视频脑电图结果符合CSWS诊断标准，年龄6~13岁，脑电图表现为棘慢复合波在整个非快速眼动睡眠期几乎持续存在，其放电时间占整个NREM期的85%~100%；临床上患者表现不同类型的癫癎发作，在神经精神方面存在不同程度的损害，存在言语和/或行为障碍；其中6例患儿显示有神经影像学异常，包括脑发育不全或萎缩、灰质异位、脑白质软化等。

Abstract］ Objective: To establish a simplified and useful heterotopy heart-lung transplantation rat model for studying of the mechanism of transplantation rejection and cure the rejection in animal model.

目的：建立一种操作简单、可行的大鼠异位心肺联合移植模型，以利于移植排斥反应机制的研究及其实验性治疗研究。

Rat model of cryopreserved aortic and pulmonary valved homograft heterotopic transplantation was established to observe the changes of humoral and cellular immunological response and pathological changes of implanted homografts.

方 法 通过低温保存的大鼠同种异体带瓣主动脉和肺动脉异位移植的动物模型，观察同种移植后宿主体液和细胞免疫指标的变化，以及移植物的病理改变。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。