异丁

A salt or ester of isocyanic acid .

丁酸的三种同分异构甘油酯的任一种。

A mild and convenient method for the synthesis of 4(3)-substituted 3(4)-nitro-1H-pyrroles and 3-substituted 4-methyl-2-tosyl-1H-pyrroles from nitroolefins and tosylmethyl isocyanide in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium bromide was developed.

本文以离子液体－溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑为溶剂，采用对甲苯磺酰基甲基异腈与硝基烯反应生成4(3)-取代-3(4)-硝基-1-氢吡咯或3-取代-4-甲基-2-对甲苯磺酰基-1-氢吡咯。

In this thesis, we describe a facile and economical synthesis of-abscisic acid from keto-isophorone and 3-butyn-2-ol through ketalization, oxidization, Witting-Horner reaction, reduction with chromium sulfate and other steps in 13% total yields. Compared to the previous routes, the starting materials are more commercially available and cheaper and the synthetic process is more easily controlled in our method, but the yield of this route is still to be improved.As to isostere principle, cyclopropyl and methyl vinyl are a couple of isostere.

本论文设计并完成了一条全新的外消旋脱落酸(1)全合成路线，从廉价的工业原料氧化异佛尔酮和丁炔醇出发，经过缩酮化反应、氧化反应、Wittig-Horner反应、CrSO_4选择性还原反应以及水解等七步反应实现了脱落酸的全合成，总产率达13％，与以往路线相比，该路线所用试剂廉价、合成路线简单，但产率有待提高。

With mixed diet as a substrate, supplying sodium fumarate increased neutral detergent fiber digestion, CMCase activity, and propionate proportion, but decreased acetate, butyrate, and isovalerate proportions, and acetate to propionate ratio.

当使用混合日粮（60%百慕达乾草+40%精料）为受质时，补充延胡索酸钠，提高了中洗纤维消失率、羧甲基纤维素分解酵素活性和丙酸的百分比，降低了乙酸、丁酸和异戊酸的百分比和乙酸对丙酸的比例。

For the first time, enantiomers of C2-symmetric 1,1 -spirobiindane-7,7'-diol were resolved with crude menthyl chloroformate by phase-transfer catalysis in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide. The reaction was carried out at 0℃-rt. The diastereomers of SPINOL bis-menthyl carbonate can be separated by simple crystallization using alcohol. The hydrolysis of the diastereomers was carried out via aqueous NaOH/EtOH solution.

首次通过相转移催化的方法对螺双二氢茚二酚进行了有效的拆分，用L--氯甲酸薄荷醇酯做拆分剂，以四丁基溴化铵为催化剂在0℃-室温下进行酯化反应生成非对映体衍生物，以乙醇作溶剂，通过重结晶的方法分离衍生物，在水-乙醇混合溶剂条件下，用强碱NaOH或KOH分别水解，制得相应的光学纯度大于99%ee的两个异构体SPINOL，其中总收率：--SPINOL，78.2%；--SPINOL，80.6%。

The properties of material were studied by adjusting the scale of 1,4-butylene glycol, index of isocyanate, the content of SiO_2 and stannous octoate.

试验了1，4-丁二醇比例、白碳黑和辛酸亚锡含量、异氰酸酯指数对弹性体性能的影响，测试了材料的力学性能和粘度变化。

The properties of single chain and pauci chain polystyrene microspheres and recent results on the electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction of single chain monocrystals of polyethylene oxide, isotactic polystyrene, cis1,4 polybutadiene and gutta percha are presented and discussed.

介绍和讨论了单链和寡链聚苯乙烯玻璃体微球的性质以及聚环氧乙烷、同立构聚苯乙烯、－，4－丁二稀、－，4－异戊二烯单链单晶电子显微镜和选区电子衍射观察的最新结果。

The desulfurizers (cyclobutyl sulfone and diisopropanolamine) have poisonousness. If the sweetening solution foamed seriously that can't be used, sweetening solution's discharge will affect environment.

脱硫溶液严重发泡后将不能再使用，且脱硫溶剂环丁砜和二异丙醇胺都具有毒性，脱硫溶液的排放将会对环境安全造成严重地影响。

In this paper, the different volume ratio additives'influences on the economy of different fuels as well as the characteristics of combustion and emission have been investigated employing the knowledge about combustion dynamics and chemical reaction dynamics on the base of the gasoline additives application actuality in engine. Dimethyl Carbonate, Diisopropyl Ether and Ditert-Butyl Peroxide are selected as gasoline additives to explore the potential and promotable additives by engine tests in different base fuels.

本文根据汽油添加剂的应用现状并结合内燃机燃烧学、化学反应动力学等知识，选择用碳酸二甲酯、二异丙醚、二叔丁基过氧化物作为汽油添加剂，通过不同基础燃油的发动机台架试验，研究不同添加体积比的添加剂对不同燃油经济性、燃烧特性、排放特性的影响，以探求潜在的可推广使用的汽油添加剂。

The solvents commonly used in the solvothermal synthesis include alcohols (such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, alcohol, ethylene glycol, glycerine, etc.), amines (such as hexamethylenediamine, dimethylformamide, triethanolamine), Acetonitrile and Propionitrile, the differences of functional groups, varieties of kinds together with a wide differences of polarity, dielectric constant and boiling point of organic solvents greatly increase the diversities of the product.

溶剂热合成常用的溶剂有醇类(如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、乙二醇、甘油等)，胺类(如己二胺、二甲基甲酰胺、乙醇胺)，乙腈和丙腈等，有机溶剂由于带有不同的官能团，种类繁多，具有不同的极性、介电常数、沸点等，大大增加了合成产物的多样性。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。