开采

In this thesis, we have researched the famous Muskat Problem and Bepurun Problem, which were advanced in recover Petroleum.

在多孔介质中，一种流体对另一种流体的活塞式驱替常在生产实践中遇到，例如在石油开采中水对油的驱替，建筑中泥浆对水的驱替，这样的模型可用数学来描述成一个自由边界问题，Muskat在三十年代就提出了这个问题。

Some techniques such as the development of casting blast technique in surface mines, the inherent relationship between the stripping bench parameters and casting blast effect, the application of pre-splitting blast and inclined drilling, the function of millisecond delay blast between drill holes and lines are introduced and discussed. The traditional calculation method of combining theoretical analysis with experimental formulas, and the nomograph model method by D' Appolonia for optimal determination of casting blast parameters are also introduced in detail.

对露天矿抛掷爆破技术的发展、倒堆剥离台阶开采参数与抛掷爆破效果的内在联系、预裂爆破及倾斜钻孔的应用、排间延时及孔间延时的作用进行了分析与论述，详细介绍了采用理论结合经验公式的常规计算方法与D' Appolonia&图解法&模型确定抛掷爆破参数的过程及优化方法。

Both of conventional continuous medium mechanics and noncontiguous medium mechanics, having strong pertinence, can abstract and simplify the rock model in research procedure, in which the rock body lying over the coal face can be considered as a static beam or board to leave out the push changes and the changes of property and load during the stability of overlying rock deformation has lost. Hence the derived profile equation is only the approximate expression of final subsidence of surface after the mining finished, and it is difficult to obtain the dynamic subsidence process of rock body.

传统的连续介质力学和非连续介质力学均具有针对性，在研究过程中将岩体模型抽象简化，将工作面上方的岩体看成是一静止的梁、板，省略了工作面的推进变化及覆岩在变形失稳时的性质和载荷的变化，得出的剖面方程仅是开采结束后地表的最终沉陷近似表达式，难以得到岩体的动态沉陷的过程。

Everything, offshore, Alaska, shale, nonconventional, coal to liquid, gas to liquid, and nuclear.

在各个领域挖掘潜力，包括在近海的石油开采，在阿拉斯加、以及从岩油中提炼石油，甚至把煤炭和天然气以及核能都通过市场运作（鼓励这些产品的使用以节约石油产品）转化为油品。

The proportion of reserves of low permeability gas reservoirs to nonproducing reserves is larger and larger in China at present. And the depletion way of production is used in low permeability gas reservoir currently, so the gradual drop of formation pressure during the exploitation will result in the deformation of rocks, which makes the reservoir porosity and permeability decline.

目前中国低渗透气藏的储量占未动用气藏储量的比重越来越大，而低渗透气藏一般都采用衰竭式开采，在生产过程中地层压力逐渐下降，导致储层岩石变形，使得孔隙度和渗透率降低，从而导致低渗透气藏开发效果变差。

The coal mining method of oblique sublevel concentration as a new technology hasnt been very perfect in China until now, so we set up three-dimensional finite element model of this kind of mining method novelly based on Datai coal mine of Beijing Coal Group as an example using Ansys software.

俯伪斜分段密集采煤法，作为一种较新的采煤方法，在我国技术上还不很成熟，因此，首次针对京煤集团木城涧矿大台井的地质条件和赋煤状况，通过简化建立三维立体有限元模型，模拟计算了该矿煤层顶底板在开采前后运动变化情况。

Under the base of investigation and research on natural radioactive nuclein in coal of Yili area,combining with the distributing characteristic and law of radioactive nuclein in coal of area and residents' customer of using coal in Yili area,the article raises decrement,resources,harmless and prevention and control measure of whole course managing rule with having a definite object in view and put foward a feasible plan and way for economie developmant of Yili area,resonable development and utilization of coal resources,preventing from pollution because of mining and utilizing coal and further protecting people's health.

文摘：在对伊犁地区煤中天然放射性核素调查研究的基础上，结合伊犁地区煤中放射性核素分布的特点、规律以及伊犁地区居民的用煤习惯，有的放矢的提出了减量化、资源化、无害化以及全过程管理原则的防治措施，为伊犁地区的经济发展，煤炭资源的合理开发和利用，防止因煤炭的开采利用而造成的污染，建设性的提出了切实可行的方案和途径。

There are 339 reservoirs in especially high watercut stage with 1.52 billion tons of OOIP which accounts for 43.1 percent of the Shengli oildom. Development status and character of these oilfields has changed a lot. The paper has demonstrated the trend of development indexes.

特高含水期油田开采程度、开发状况、开发规律较前一阶段发生了变化，本文研究了常规水驱开发油藏特高含水期开发指标的变化规律，结果表明随着含水上升，液量下降，含水上升幅度减缓，产量、油井开井率及新井单井增加可采储量不断减小。

The public sector behemoth has also outlaid Rs 255.98 crores for mining bauxite from the Panchpalli mines during 11th and 12th Plans.

国家铝业也已在第11个和12个五年发展计划中拨款2259.8亿卢比开采Panchpalli矿区的铝土矿。

Of the total money outlaid for the second phase, Rs 72.27 crore would be spent on developing mines, Rs 1,258 crore on processing alumina, Rs 1,609 on upgrading smelter capacity and Rs 1,151 on ancillary works, the official said.

该人员表示，在二期扩张阶段，722.7亿卢比用于开采矿区，12.58亿卢比用于加工氧化铝，16.09亿卢比用于升级冶炼厂产能，11.51卢比用于辅助工程。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。