开采

Open-pit mining. That in the open air conditions, the shallow depth of the ore from open pit mines, open pit slopes for open pit or strip mining ...

露天开采。即在露天条件下，将埋藏较浅的矿石，从矿坑露天矿、山坡露天矿或剥离露天矿进行开采。。。。

As a result, nearly every ounce of gold ever mined is still with us, which means gold's real price is hard to alter thanks to a great deal of gold stock in existence relative to new discoveries.

因此，历史上开采的几乎每一盎司黄金都未曾缺失，也就是说，黄金的真实价格很难改变，这要感激相对于新开采的金矿来说，现有黄金的储量极为庞大。

In the steam soak exploitation phase, with time extension and strata pressure drop, steam channeling phenomena becomes serious.

中文摘要：稠油在蒸汽吞吐开采阶段，随着开采时间的延长，地层压力下降，汽窜现象变得严重。

Because of the high sand, high water content, high salinity, high temperature steam heavy oil exploitation, mining and strong polymer injection corrosion media environment factors, piston pump wells pump an average of more and more short-cycle, and some do not even to the required 30 days on the pump seized, severely affected by oil field development.

由于高含砂、高含水、高矿化度、高温蒸气稠油开采、注聚合物开采及强腐蚀的介质环境等因素影响，柱塞泵井平均检泵周期越来越短，有的甚至不到30天就需要检泵，严重影响油田开发。

The steeply dipping seam refers to the coal seam that the declining angle is between 35°and 55°. It is an important part in strip mining research to decide the reasonable width ofsteeply dipping seam strip coal pillar under village.

大倾角煤层是指煤层倾角在35°～55°之间的煤层，村庄下大倾角煤层条带开采煤柱尺寸的合理留设问题是条带开采研究领域中的一个重要组成部分。

The system of production in thin coal seam fully mechanized working face was selected independently.

我国薄煤层储量十分丰富，占全部可采储量的20%以上，但整体开采水平落后于中厚及厚煤层开采水平[1]。

Based on an example from Datong Coalmines Group,the paper analyses possibility and usage of heavy plow under the conditions of thin seam coal face with Two Hard Roofs and gives out some proposals.

通过大同煤矿集团公司采用全自动刨煤机系统开采薄煤层的实例，分析了在&两硬&薄煤层地质条件下进行刨煤机开采的可行性和作用，并针对性地提出了建议。

It was shown that coal seam floor failure depth of working face 2121 was 32.5 to 5 m, approximately three times as deep as that of shallow working face(in genera l,9.15 to 12.0 m). Coal seam floor failure depth increased with mining depth. Potential risk of water inrush through coal seam floor of working face 2121 is much higher for deep mining than for shallow mining.

试验结果表明：该工作面底板破坏深度为32.5~35 m，比300 m采深以内的工作面实测深度(9.15~ 12.0 m)增加2倍以上，说明随着开采深度的增加，煤层底板采动破坏深度呈明显增大的趋势，因此，在水压和破坏深度二者同时增加的条件下，2121工作面深部煤层开采的突水危险性远远大于浅部煤层。

On the basis of initial screening, the production effect is predicted through statistic prediction model.

在初筛选的基础上，运用统计预测模型预测开采效果，完成裂缝性稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐开采的两级筛选。

Simulating model test is firstly carried to manifest there must have certain structure in roof strata about roof research. Secondly, discretion formula of roof destruction is obtained by simplifying roof strata to elastic thin board.

对顶板的研究中，首先运用相似模拟实验直观表明开采过程中顶板岩层中存在一定的结构体；其次将分段开采后顶板岩层简化为四边固支的弹性薄板，得出了顶板破断的判别式。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。