开采

Article 30 While mining major minerals, a mining enterprise shall, in accordance with a unified plan, carry out comprehensive mining and utilization of paragenetic and associated minerals that are of industrial value, so as to avoid waste.

第三十条在开采主要矿产的同时，对具有工业价值的共生和伴生矿产应当统一规划，综合开采，综合利用，防止浪费

No combined exploitation of phreatic water and confined water already polluted may be permitted.

第三十七条多层地下水的含水层水质差异大的，应当分层开采；对已受污染的潜水和承压水，不得混合开采。

The mining practice in Tongshan Copper Mine shows that the method of sublevel open stoping with subsequent once-filling and removing with blasting power is more suitable to mine inclined or gently inclined medium-thick deposits with high sulfur. This method can be used to reach the prepurpose including decreasing ore loss and dilution rates, reducing the quantity of mining works and raising the productivity of a stope.

铜山铜矿的开采实践表明，对于倾斜、缓倾斜中厚高硫矿床采矿方法的选择是至关重要的；根据其复杂多变的地质条件及国内外开采状况，提出选用爆力运搬分段空场嗣后一次充填采矿法较为适宜，该法可以达到降低损失贫化率，减少采准工程量，提高采场生产能力的预期目的。

Considering the 45-days' zero-flow of the river, the pumpage attenuation of seepage wells was calculated.

在考虑河流持续断流45d的情况下，计算了断流条件下渗流井出水量的衰减过程，在此基础上，确定了悖牛川陕西段河谷区地下水渗流井开采方式新增允许开采量。

The quarried provided centuries of building materials until the threat of collapse forced them to be abandoned.

这些开采出来的石头为接下来的数个世纪提供了建筑材料，直到有一天坍塌的威胁迫使他们停止开采。

The paper attempts to design and development a new type of hydraulic pump. It is the design of combining the advantages of sucker rod pump and rodless botttom hole pump, without pumping rod,and depends on the hydraulic system on the ground providing the impetus. The paper uses the pump Swabbing Principle to design the main parts of the pump structure and size, analyses and calculates the up down stroke of the piston and the switching process of pump valve, uses the finite element method to analyse the main force summing element and check intensity, and designs a ground hydraulic control system to match it. Considering the need of deep mining, salvage equipment is designed. The design shows that there is feasible and reliable to realize the exploitation underground using the new hydraulic pump. The design idea in this paper enlightens the rodless botttom hole pump production in the future and other similar issues.

本文尝试一种新型液力泵的设计和开发，它的设计思想是结合有杆泵和无杆泵各自的优点，取消抽油杆，依靠地面液压系统提供动力，本文从抽油泵抽汲原理出发，设计了抽油泵主要部件的结构和尺寸，对上下冲程柱塞的运动规律和泵阀启闭过程进行分析和计算，使用有限元法对主要零件进行了受力分析和强度校核，并设计与之配套使用的地面液压控制系统，考虑深井开采的需要，一并设计了打捞装置，为理论上实现了这种新型液力抽油泵井下开采的可行性和可靠性做了一些基础的工作，本文的设计思路对今后无杆泵采油等类似问题的研究做了有益的尝试。

Due to the exploitation and utilization of deep groundwater in northern Shandong plain, a lot of environmental problms have been occurred,such as,the regional deep groundwater depression is continuously enlarging,in some area,deep groundwater exhausted and water quality is becoming more and more saltish,as well as land subsidence was aggravated and endemic appeared in some major towns.The reason is that the groundwater exploitation is most concentrated in towns areamabd tge exploiting methods is much more irrational.

摘 要：鲁北平原在深层地下水开发利用过程中，由于开采地段过于集中在城镇，加上不合理开采等因素，出现了区域性深层地下水超采漏斗不断扩大、部分地段地下水资源枯竭和水质咸化问题严重、重点城镇地面沉降加剧及饮用高氟高碘地下水引发的地方病呈上升趋势等诸多水环境问题。

If the deformation forecasting of terrene and railwayis incorrect and maintenance measure is not suitable in the preceding and the process of mining, the normal operation of e railway in mine area will not be ensured and perhaps the safety accident will take place.

采在开采前及开采过程中对地表及铁路的变形预计不准确， '是维修措施不当，将无法保证矿区铁路的正常运输，甚至出现安全行车事故。

This article tries to summarize experiences of the small collieries in mining shallow coal seam in north of Shanxi Province, and suggests to reform unadvanced mining of room and pillar to longwall remaining coal pillars support mining which can largely inprove the coal recovery rate.

在总结陕北煤田小煤矿开采浅部煤层经验的基础上，建议将落后的房柱式改革为长壁留煤柱支撑法开采，以较大幅度提高采出率。

Thus, CO2 can be sequestrated in the deep unminable coal seams which enhance coalbed methane production of the deep unminable coal seams synchronously.

由于煤介质具有特殊的双重孔隙结构、吸附性强等物性特征，对CO2具有很强的吸附能力，且大于煤介质吸附CH4的能力，因此，可将CO2注入深部不可开采煤层储存，在长久处置CO2的同时亦可促进深部煤层气的开采。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。