开采

Based on testing datas in worksite and engineering practice,this paper mainly discussed strata damage movement characteristic, rock properties of weathered zone, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the law of coal layer safety extraction in weathered zone when the coal layer is extracted in efflorescent oxygenized belts.

根据现场观测资料和工程实践，着重论述了风氧化带内煤层开采时覆岩破坏移动特征，风化带岩石属性和风氧化带内煤层安全开采机理的定性、定量分析。提出了风氧化带煤层开采无垮落带；受采动影响后，具阻水和抑制导水断裂带继续发展的双重作用以及移动快、变形大、回宿快、下沉大和适当加大开采厚度等新观点

With the investigation of the domestic and foreign literature systematically, the bases on the domestic and foreign present research and the comprehensive utilizations of the various knowledge of fluid mechanics in porous medium, reservoir engineering, mathematical physics, perforation completion, numerical simulation and so on, this article takes numerical simulation of gas reservoir of water solubility as the research aim which has completed following research works and obtained the corresponding research results: it analyzes the nature of the Water-soluble gas and formation water as well as the influent factors of the solubility through the study of massive materials; It establishes mathematical models three-dimension, the dual medium, the gas-water phase through the way of finite difference in the migration of water-soluble gas, which describes the entire process of release, migration and production in formation, where it considered the problems of variable bubble point; According to the numerical models of gas reservoir of water solubility it provides solution procedure that based on black oil model; It discovers that there will obtain the good effects in the lowly speed of development through simulation; the reinjection of formation water may largely enhance the produce degree of water-soluble gas when we consider reinjection in simulator; It considered the influence of perforated completion on development so as to increase the simulator"s versatility, It discovers that the simulator may reflect the conditions of development when we exanimate he simulator"s reliability with the empirical datum.

本文以水溶性气藏数值模拟研究为研究目标，在系统调研国内外文献、深入分析国内外研究现状的基础上，综合利用渗流力学、油气藏工程、数学物理方法、射孔完井以及数值模拟理论等多方面的知识，完成了以下研究工作并取得相应的研究成果；①通过对大量的资料调研，分析了水溶气、地层水性质、储层地质性质以及影响气体在水中溶解度的因素。②考虑到由于高压产生的大量水力裂缝，采用有限差分方法建立水溶气运移的三维、双重介质、气-水两相全隐式数学模型，该模型描述了水溶气在地层中的释放、运移和采出的整个过程。③在原有黑油模型的基础上，根据水溶性气藏数值模型编制了该数值模型的求解程序，该程序可以求解单重、双重介质两种情况。④通过模拟不同开采速度对水溶气开发效果的影响，发现开采速度较慢的时候可以取得较好的开采效果。⑤在模拟器中考虑了注水对水溶性气藏开发的影响，地层水回注可以大幅度提高水溶气的采出程度。⑥为增加模拟器的通用性，在模拟器中考虑了射孔完井方式对开采的影响。⑦检验模拟器计算的可靠性，发现在使用实验数据对水溶性气藏进行模拟时，模拟器可以很好的反映气藏开发的状态。

Through mine process analysis in AIYOU MINE 106 mine area ,FUMEI GROUP,and adopts mine subsidence software of Mine Damage and Controlling Researching Centre, in Liaoning Technical University proceed preidicting subsidence, and obtains surface displacement and deformation isogram.

通过对阜煤集团艾友矿106采区开采过程进行分析，并借助辽宁工程技术大学开采损害与控制工程研究中心的开采沉陷软件进行开采沉陷预计，得出地表移动变形等值线图。

And then through analyzed the component of the pollutant in the region's groundwater, and considered the good and bad points of each assessment method, we adopted the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and estimated the vitiation of the ground water, which result is conform with the actual degree, and has realized the of the fuzzy appraisal.

本文针对煤矿开采对地下水污染的问题，首先根据研究区域自然地理与水文地质条件分析了煤矿开采对地下水污染机理，然后通过对研究区域地下水污染物组分的分析，考虑各种评价方法的优缺点，采用模糊综合评判法，对煤炭开采对地下水的污染做出了比较合乎实际的评价，并实现了模糊评价的电算化，同时利用Matlab分析了煤矿开采对地下水污染的趋势。

The invention is suitable for the oil production field and can be suitable for any manto so long as the displacement exploitation is possible; also the invention can be suitable for the manto that is unsuitable for the displacement exploitation due to the strong heterogeneity of the manto, which greatly breaks through the scope and recovery rate of the traditionally displacement exploitation method.

本发明适用于石油开采领域，适用于任何能够进行驱替开采的矿层；也适用于由于矿层非均匀性强烈而不适合进行驱替开采的矿层，大大突破传统驱替开采方法的范围和采收率。

By solving management model, the optimal groundwater withdrawal 〓 of the Wuwei Basin in two irrigation periods are obtained,〓 shows that the pumping condition of groundwater in the region can divided into six sub-regions: the pumping sub-region with maximum 〓 is located in the river courses; the sub-region with minimum 〓 in the spring overflow zone; and non-pumping sub-region in the 〓 irrigated districts and desert area, and that the unique way to crese groundwater pumpage is to pirate evapotranspiration in the oundwater evaporation zone.

通过管理模型的运转，获得了武威盆地平水年、枯水年、丰水年三个典型年份各灌期地下水的最优开采方案。按年最优开采模数，区域地下水的开采条件可分为六个区，地下水最强的开采区位于出山河流的主河道、石羊大河和洪水河沿岸，最弱的地区为泉水溢出带，河水谨区和沙漠区下开采地下水。同时表明，袭夺潜水蒸发量可增加地下水的开采量，该区现状条件下增加地下水的开采量的唯一途径是袭夺潜水蒸发带地下水蒸发量。

Optimize the panel mining system of Xishimen Iron Mine at the aim of the stability of slusher drifts on footwall, and seek for the optimum mining sequence between panels.

以开采线前方底板电耙巷道的稳定性为目标，对盘区开采顺序进行了试验优化研究，获得了该目标下的最优盘区开采顺序；然后考虑西石门铁矿南区盘区开采的实际情况，对现有盘区开采规划进行了数值模拟分析，并对今后开采过程中的地压形势提出了预测。

The layer of solid KCl is so thin in depth、so small in size、 and so low in grade that it is too difficult to exploite it. Besides that, only 1/3 of the liquid KCl can be expoi ted due to the mining method of well and canal drainage which is being used now. Therefore, it is one of the key problems to exploite the liquid KCl as possible as we can and to turn the solid KCl into explo itable liquid deposit in Qarhan salt lake. So the idea of dissolving and driving exploitation has been suggested. This paper will deal with three problems as follow

然而由于固相矿层薄、品位低而难以直接开采利用，加之目前对液相矿产只是纯疏干性开采，充其量只能采出1/3的液相矿，因此如何最大限度地开采液相矿产，同时将固相矿产转化成能直接开采利用的液相矿产是察尔汗盐湖开采中急需解决的关键问题之一，对此人们提出溶矿驱动开采的设想，本文正是以此为目的，着重研究以下三个问题

Because the direct roof of the No.92 ore-body is the backfilling of the No.91orebody which is the cementing materials or non-cementing materials, and there are no-filled mined-areas in someplace. So there are large-scale hidden troubles on the top of the No.92 slowly inclined large and thick ore-body, then we must find a new mining technology which aims at the complex mining condition of the No.92 ore-body. The cutting nature of the No.92 ore-body is very poor, so choosing the rational drilling and blasting parameters and enhancing the overall technological economic benefits are also the urgent problems waiting to be solved in the exploitation of the No.92 ore-body. The No.92 ore-body, thin lodes and the exploitation process of the No.91orebody influence each other, the geo-pressure phenomena aggravates obviously in case of the mined-areas increase constantly, and the geo-pressure problem will be more and more serious when the No.92 ore-body be exploited on a large scale in the next step.

由于它的直接顶板就是开采91号矿体时的胶结或者非胶结的空区充填体，部分地段甚至是未充填的采空区，使92号缓倾斜厚大矿体的上部形成大范围的隐患区，因此，必须针对92号矿体复杂的开采技术条件，寻找新的采矿技术与工艺。92号矿体的可凿性极差，选择合理的凿岩爆破参数，提高凿岩爆破工作的总体技术经济效益，也是92号矿体开采急待解决的问题。92号矿体与细脉带、91号矿体开采相互影响，目前在采空区不断增大的情况下地压显现有明显加剧的趋势，在下一步92号矿体大规模开采时，地压问题将越来越严重。

For each strategy, a corresponding exploitation plan of groundwater was designed. Then each designed exploitation plan (except scheme 3) was put into the model for calculation and simulation. The analysis on the forecasting results every plan indicates that:(1) Shuting down the self-provided wells is the most direct and effective method, playing an important role in the land subsidence prevention.(2) The resumption of compressed soil by groundwater artificial recharge is limited. So the artificial recharge can\'t provide essential effect for the resumption of land subsidence, unless the artificial recharge is much more than the groundwater withdrawal.(3) The method of "adjusting the exploitation stratum of groundwater to the shallow" has an obvious effect on the land subsidence prevention.(4)"Sand wells" can increase the leakage recharge for confined aquifer, and thus can slow and prevent the development of the land subsidence.(5) For the groundwater exploitation in Xi\'an, emergency self-provided wells should be managed according to the well spacing of 1600m, 2000m and 1600m, respectively, in the river terrace area, alluvial-proluvial fan area and loess tableland area to exploit the first confined groundwater. Corresponding individual well yield can be set as 2500m~3/d, 1500 m~3/d and 200 m~3/d. Make emergency self-provided wells pump in the dry year and stop pumping groundwater to restore and conserve underground water sources in average years and wet years. In this way, groundwater withdrawal of 162000m~3/d can be obtained to provide for the supplement of water supply in Xi\'an. As a result, the water supply stress can be released in dry years. The groundwater depression formed in the exploiting year can resume in 3-4 years. At the same time, this exploitation manner will not lead to obvious land subsidence.

本文利用所建的模型预测了现状开采条件下未来20年的地下水位和地面沉降的变化，在此基础上，提出了防治西安市地面沉降的五个地下水开采方案，利用所建的地面沉降模型对各个设计方案其进行了模拟和预报，对预测结果的分析表明：①封停自备井是防治地面沉降最为直接和最有效的对策，对防治地面沉降起着最为积极的作用；②采用人工回灌方法使被压缩的土层得到的恢复是非常有限的，对地面沉降不能起到根治作用，只有回灌量明显大于开采量时才能有一定的效果；③&调整开采层次，在浅层取水&对防治地面沉降的效果十分明显；④布设&砂井&可以增加对承压含水层的越流补给量，从而可以有效地缓解和控制地面沉降的发生和发展；⑤对西安市的地下水开采，可在河流阶地区、冲洪积扇区和黄土塬区分别采用1600m、2000m、1600m的井间距布置应急自备井，分别采用2500m~3/d、1500 m~3/d和200 m~3/d的单井开采量，开采第一承压水，在平水年或者丰水年不开采，涵养地下水源，在枯水年启动这些应急自备井开采，在输出分析范围内共可获得162000 m~3/d(5913万m~3/a)开采量，可以有效地补充西安市的供水水源，缓解供水紧张局面，开采年开采导致的下降的水位可在停采3～4年后得到基本恢复，同时，这种开采方式不会造成大的地面沉降量。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。