开端的

In sum, this paper testifies the accommodation theory and expose the social nature of language through the study of variation in the telephone conversations.

本文共分六部分：一、简介，简要介绍电话会话研究的发展过程以及本项研究的目的、意义以及创新性；二、文献综述，概括总结前人的研究，从中得到启示；三、理论框架，本文采用的理论框架为变异研究与话语文化学的有机结合；四、研究方法，介绍本项研究的语料收集方法和研究方法；五、研究结果及分析，该部分是本文的核心，在这一部分呈现了对电话的开端，主体，结尾三个部分的语言变量的变体进行的描述以及对制约它们的社会变量的分析阐释，研究表明在Hymes的话语文化学理论框架SPEAKING的八大因素中，场景、参与者、目的、基调、媒介是导致变体产生的主要社会变量；六、总结。

"The gradual decline of the most extraordinary dominion which has ever invaded and oppressed the world; the fall of that immense empire, erected on the ruins of so many kingdoms, republics, and states both barbarous and civilized; and forming in its turn, by its dismemberment, a multitude of states, republics, and kingdoms; the annihilation of the religion of Greece and Rome; the birth and the progress of the two new religions which have shared the most beautiful regions of the earth; the decrepitude of the ancient world, the spectacle of its expiring glory and degenerate manners; the infancy of the modern world, the picture of its first progress, of the new direction given to the mind and character of man -- such a subject must necessarily fix the attention and excite the interest of men, who cannot behold with indifference those memorable epochs, during which, in the fine language of Corneille --'Un grand destin commence, un grand destin s'ach ve.'"

他同时期的法国编辑Guizot先生用雄辩的语言说：那个曾经侵略和压迫全世界的最令人恐惧政权的逐步衰亡；那个辽阔帝国的覆灭，在它的废墟上建立起野蛮或文明的王国、共和国和政权，以及在它转变过程中，伴随着它的解体所形成的众多政权、共和国及王国；希腊、罗马传统宗教的消亡，两个占据了世界上最美丽地区的新兴宗教的产生和发展；显示旧世界的老化、逐步褪色的荣耀和堕落的社会风气；新世界的幼年，它向人类新的精神风貌和外观特征所迈出的第一步等等——这么一个主题必将吸引那些对那个难忘的年代无法保持淡漠的人们的注意，激发他们的兴趣，正如Corneille的警句所说，那是"一个注定伟大的开端，一个注定伟大的结局"（Un grand destin commence， un grand destin s'ach ve）的年代。

If so, then is not this a fitting time to renew his radicalness, the radicalness of the beginning philosopher: to subject to a Cartesian overthrow the immense philosophical literature with its medley of great traditions, of comparatively serious new beginnings, of stylish literary activity (which counts on "making an effect" but not on being studied), and to begin with new meditationes de prima philosophial Cannot the disconsolateness of our philosophical position be traced back ultimately to the fact that the driving forces emanating from the Meditations of Descartes have lost their original vitality——lost it because the spirit that characterizes radicalness of philosophical self-responsibility has been lost?

如果是，那么不就是恰当时间来重走他的彻底性吗？——这是起点哲学家的彻底性：对大量的哲学文献——这些文献混杂在'伟大的传统'、'严肃的新开端'、'时髦的文字（这些只算是"起作用『making an effect』"而不算是"做研究"）'中——进行笛卡尔式推倒，开始新的"第一哲学的沉思"。难道我们哲学现状的悲哀不正是最终可追溯到这个事实——来自笛卡尔《沉思》的推动力失去了它们原有的活力，而之所以失去，正是因为标志'哲学之自身负责的彻底性'的那种精神丢失了——吗？

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In order that the reunion of the church may be possible and that a beginning may be made which is fitting and pleasing to God, since the most important part of any matter is its beginning, and in order that the two obediences--namely the one claiming that the lord John XXIII was formerly pope and the other claiming that the lord Gregory XII is pope--may be united together under Christ as head, this most holy general synod of Constance, legitimately assembled in the holy Spirit and representing the catholic church, accepts in all matters the convoking , authorising, approving and confirming that is now being made in the name of the lord who is called Gregory XII by those obedient to him, insofar as it seems to pertain to him to do this, since the certainty obtained by taking a precaution harms nobody and benefits all, and it decrees and declares that the aforesaid two obediences are joined and united in the one body of our lord Jesus Christ and of this sacred universal general council, in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the holy Spirit.

为了使团聚的教会也有可能与这是一个开始，可取得哪些是装修及天主所悦纳的，因为最重要的一部分，任何事情，是其开端，但为了这两个obediences -即一声称主约翰二十三世的前身是教宗和其他声称主格雷戈里十二教宗-可能会团结起来下，以基督为元首，这个最神圣的总主教的人C onstance，合法地聚集在圣灵和代表天主教教会，在接受所有事项 convoking ，授权，核准，并确认这就是现在正在取得主的名字，他们是所谓的格雷戈里第十二那些听话的他，就好像是关于他要做到这一点，因为确定性获得通过采取防范危害，没有人，并造福所有国家，它的法令，并宣布了上述两个obediences都加入并统一在一个机构，我们的主耶稣基督，并把这一神圣的普及总理事会中，在父亲的姓名和子和圣灵。

Firstly, the Russian tendency of the national new culture and the third international activity in northeast region came to a decision that Modern Northeast Literature in its beginning was under the influence of Russian culture and literature profoundly. Since 1931 northeast was occupied by Japan, the center topic of occupied era northeast literature became exposing the violence of Japanese and emblazing people\'s striving and exploring the darkness of society bottom. In this case, the Soviets revolutionary literature which went through October revolution and expressed the similar conflict topic turned into the study model of northeast writers. The creations of northeast writers was under the influence of Soviets revolutionary literature deeply in the topic, conceive outline, the character building.

首先，全国新文化运动的俄苏倾向和东北地区第三国际共运活动的开展共同决定了东北新文学在其开端就受到俄苏文化和文学的积极而深远的影响。1931年东北沦陷后，揭露日伪统治者的暴行，颂扬人民的反抗斗争，探究社会底层的黑暗成为沦陷时期东北文学的中心主题，在这种情况下，经历了十月革命炮火洗礼、表现相似的斗争主题的苏俄革命文学就成为文学素养相对薄弱的东北作家的学习榜样，东北作家的创作在主题、构思、人物形象塑造等多方面都受到了苏俄革命文学的深刻影响。

Firstly, the Russian tendency of the national new culture and the third international activity in northeast region came to a decision that Modern Northeast Literature in its beginning was under the influence of Russian culture and literature profoundly. Since 1931 northeast was occupied by Japan, the center topic of occupied era northeast literature became exposing the violence of Japanese and emblazing peoples striving and exploring the darkness of society bottom. In this case, the Soviets revolutionary literature which went through October revolution and expressed the similar conflict topic turned into the study model of northeast writers. The creations of northeast writers was under the influence of Soviets revolutionary literature deeply in the topic, conceive outline, the character building.

首先，全国新文化运动的俄苏倾向和东北地区第三国际共运活动的开展共同决定了东北新文学在其开端就受到俄苏文化和文学的积极而深远的影响。1931年东北沦陷后，揭露日伪统治者的暴行，颂扬人民的反抗斗争，探究社会底层的黑暗成为沦陷时期东北文学的中心主题，在这种情况下，经历了十月革命炮火洗礼、表现相似的斗争主题的苏俄革命文学就成为文学素养相对薄弱的东北作家的学习榜样，东北作家的创作在主题、构思、人物形象塑造等多方面都受到了苏俄革命文学的深刻影响。

The next development in musical notation were "heighted neumes", in which neumes were carefully placed at different heights in relation to each other. This allowed the neumes to roughly indicate the size of a given interval as well as the direction. This quickly led to one or two lines, each representing a particular note, being place on the music with all the neumes relating back to them. At first these lines had no particular meaning and instead had a letter placed at the beginning indicating which note was represented. However, slowly the lines indicating middle C, and the F a fifth below, became most common. Having at first been merely scratched on the parchment, the lines now were drawn in two different colorded ink: usually red for F, and yellow or green for C.

音乐记谱法的再一次新发展是heighted neumes，这种记谱法标识出音符之间的音高关系，这样就使得纽姆谱可以粗略并直接地标记出指定音程的增减，这样的标识方法导致了谱上一线或者二线的出现，每条线代表一个特定的音符，这个音符与纽姆谱中所有的音符的音程关系都能被标识出来，最初这些线并没有什么特殊的含义，反而会有一个字母被放在开始的位置表明代表哪个音符，渐渐的，线代表中央C或者比C低五度的F 变得最常用，这些一开始只不过在羊皮纸上刮出的线，开始用两种不同的颜色书写，红色代表F，黄线或者绿线代表C，以上的这些便是我们所知道的音乐记谱法发展的开端。

As for Ukiyo-e prints, Suzuki Harunobu reached his prime time at his late years. For example 《Romantic Voluptuous Little Pretty》,《the Eight Scenes of Beauty's Chamber》《Romantic Beauty Mirrors》, this group of three of beauties are very famous. Kitagawa Utamaro had unique aesthetic appreciation, presenting women's charming and grace. Another artist Toshusai Sharaku didn't created many works. He appeared only for a short period of time, just like a shooting start crossing the sky. Katsushika Hokusai's "the Thirty-six Scenes of Fuyue" was the beginning of the popularity of Ukiyo-e prints. His work absorbed the factors of western world. Many of his works presented grandeur in front of people. The works of Utagawa Hiroshiga were also outstanding. His works revealed a sort of " Japanese complex".

浮世绘方面，铃木春信的创作旺盛期是在晚年，《风流艳色小豆人》、《风流闺室八景》和《荡女鉴镜图》三组美人画非常著名；喜多川歌磨有着独到的审美意识，展示女性的妩媚动人和优雅神态；役者绘大师东洲斋写乐的作品不多，仅仅出现在一个极短的期间，犹如历史夜空中一闪而过的彗星；葛饰北斋的&富岳三十六景&是浮世绘风景画流行的开端，作品吸取西洋的绘画元素，大多雄伟壮丽；歌川广重的&名所绘&出类拔萃，画中流露一种&日本情结&。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。