建设

The construction of E-government application systems is firstly set up in the 1980's in our country. During several years construction, most of government departments had set up GIP and OAS, and specially actualized series of "golden" projects so that we accumulated great experiences for the government's information construction.

我国电子政务应用系统建设始于20世纪80年代，经过多年的建设，多数政府部门建起了政府门户网站和办公自动化系统，特别是一系列"金"字工程的成功实施，为政府的信息化建设积累了宝贵经验。

The first part introduces MPA's historical development in America and its particular characteristics. This partmainly focuses on 5 main characteristics, namely,(1) the development of practical skills as the highest priority in their educational formation,(2) the experience-oriented enrollment system;(3) the perfected curriculum setting,(4) the effective and flexible teaching methods, and (5) the highly trained faculty. The second part analyzes the background and key problems of Chinese MPA's education. It includes a lack of specialized educational aims, an overly grade-conscious enrolment system, a need for a more flexible curriculum, a shortage of "case-oriented" teaching methods and the dearth of a highly trained faculty. The third part proposes a theoretical framework based on the MPA educational model.

本文首先阐述了美国MPA教育的发展历程，并在追溯历史的基础上总结了美国MPA教育的主要特点，即：能力为先的培养目标、注重经历的招生办法、完善多样的课程设置、灵活有效的教学方式以及专兼结合的师资队伍五个方面；然后分析了我国MPA教育产生与发展的宏观背景与学科背景，并从MPA教育微观层面对我国目前存在的主要问题进行剖析，这些问题包括培养目标缺乏个性、招生录取偏重分数、课程设置弹性不足、案例教学较为薄弱、队伍建设有待加强；再从MPA教育的学科性质、培养目标、学科基础、课程设置、馨糕孺教学方法等方面构筑了MPA教育的基本理论框架：最后，提出了我国MPA教育改革与发展的基本思路与主要对策，思路着眼于MPA教育的长远发展，对策主要针对目前我国MPA教育存在的主要问题，包括：适时调整宏观政策、加大教学创新力度、强化师资队伍建设、加强硬件环境建设以及构建开放教育网络五个方面。

Taking specific job as an example and combining practical experience, the article expounds the importance of the building of cadres group , and points out that strengthening the study of political idea and the building of thought and morals is the key to build the cadres group .

以特定职业为例，结合实践经验，论述了广大干部队伍建设的重要性，提出加强政治观念学习与思想道德建设是干部队伍建设的关键。

We make stronger efforts to attract investment, hardily learn and enrich the concept of "urban operation" in the approach that tourism and land revenue contribute to the urban construction, implement the strategy of urban operation, and make great efforts to construct the urban infrastructure. We have made lots of integration and protection in Lijiang urban area in a mode of team development according to the construction thought of "protect some, rebuild some, newly build some (new Jade Dragon county area, Xianghe Beautiful City)" and carried out the operation projects of new Jade Dragon county area and Xianghe Beautiful City and the engineerings including the control of south gate of the old city, control of the Jade River corridor, enlargement of the Black Dragon Pool Park, demonstration provincial-level residential area of Yukang Garden, villa area of Guanfang Garden, Yunshan Jinkai Business Square and Guoda Huama Street Business Square etc.

通过加大招商引资力度，以旅游业及土地收益反哺城市建设的做法，大胆学习和丰富"城市经营"理念，实施经营城市战略，切实加大城市基础设施建设力度，并用组团式发展的模式，按照"保护一片，改造一片，新建一片"的建设思路，在丽江市区进行了大量的整合与保护工作，先后实施了古城南门整治、玉河走廊整治、黑龙潭公园扩建、裕康苑省级住宅示范区、官房花园别墅区、云杉金凯商业广场、国大花马街商业广场等工程和玉龙新县城、祥和丽城等城市经营项目。

It is necessary for managers of international bydropower Project construction contracts tO foster strong consciousness of both contract and law, have an intimate knowledge of standard contract clauses and international Practice applied overall, take "succession law","contract modification","unfavourable natural conditions"and other claims as being important content for our international hydropower p...

国际水利水电工程建设的合同管理者必须树立强烈的合同意识和法律意识，熟悉国际上普遍采用的标准合同条款和国际惯例，应将"后继法规"、"合同变更"和"不利的自然条件"等索赔处理作为我国国际水利水电工程建设合同管理的重要内容。为满足工程建设和管理的需要，应尽快造就一支称职的监理工程师队伍并相应规范其运作机制。

In recent years, the construction project of domestic highroad, especially the highway, has been developed rapidly.

近年来，我国公路建设发展迅猛，桥梁建设作为公路建设的重要组成部分，也得到了相应发展，出现了多种多样的桥梁形式。

The objective of ward building construction is to make the medical treatment modern, building intelligent, sickrooms homelike and environment garden-like.

本文提出了我国医疗事业发展经历了从医疗设备的建设阶段，进入了医疗环境的建设阶段，病房楼在使用中的特点是人流密集、物流密集、信息密集，病房楼的建设目标是医疗现代化、建筑智能化、病房家庭化、环境园林化，根据这些要求，本文提出了病房楼智能建

Recalling the 60 years history and experience of China's national image-building, to deepen understanding and mastering of the rule of the national's image-building play an important role in pushing forward the building of the country's image in the new historical starting point.

梳理和总结建国60年来中国国家形象建设历程和经验，加深对国家形象建设规律的认识和把握，对于在新的历史起点上推进国家形象的建设具有十分重要的作用。

Its theory significance lies in:first,it helps to rich the theory of incorrupt governmentsystem\'s evaluation system;next,it has developed the research of cultivation of cleangovernment theory;finally,it advances the understanding of party building theory.

其理论意义在于：首先，有助于丰富廉政制度评价体系理论研究的内容，推进廉政制度评价体系理论研究的深度；其次，运用多学科的理论开展研究，拓展了廉政建设理论的研究视角与方法，发展了廉政制度建设理论；最后，本研究推进了对党的十七大关于反腐倡廉建设的认识，有助于促进党建理论的发展。

The research of Chinese incorrupt government system\'s evaluation system is animportant topic advancing Chinese cultivation of clean government.

中国廉政制度评价体系研究是推进中国廉政建设的重要课题，中国廉政制度评价体系在廉政建设中具有"把关"、"监控"和"反思"等重要作用，对于廉政建设全面推进来说必不可少。

Shop assistant: Please check at the door.

店员：请您到门口柜台交费。

In the end, transportation of PAHs in the environmental matrix was preliminarily investigated and discussed according to PAHs data of soils and sediments from a certain region in Shanghai. The result indicated that there are two or more pathways on PAHs transportation in the environmental matrix.

最后，对上海特定地区内PAHs在环境介质中的迁移径途进行了分析讨论，结果表明上海市土壤和沉积物等环境介质中PAHs的迁移存在多种途径。