建筑等

On the basics of briefly summarizing the research and application presents of building coatings and nano-composite building coatings in domestic and overseas, we presented a creative approach of modified exterior and interior building latex coatings applying inorganic nano-powders and its compound, systematically studied the effect of factors such as nano-material's category、additive capacity、dispersing method on the behavior of exterior building coating's weathering resistance、scratch resistance、water resistance、alkaline resistance and on the behavior of interior building coating's restraining bacterium、degrading all kinds of bad organic matter,and triumphantly developed nano-composite building latex coating.

本文在简要叙述国内外建筑涂料和纳米复合建筑涂料的应用研究现状的基础上，提出了使用无机纳米粉体及其复合材料改性建筑外墙乳胶漆的创新思路，系统地研究了纳米粉体材料的种类、添加量、分散方式等因素对外墙乳胶漆耐候性、耐洗刷性、耐水耐碱性等性能的影响，以及这些因素对内墙乳胶漆抗菌杀菌、降解有害有机物等性能的影响，成功地开发了纳米改性建筑外墙和内墙乳胶漆产品。

The main contents of this paper are asfollows: Programmed a software which is used in simulating the dynamic energyconsumption of buildings based on transferring function principle in the language ofvisual basic, at the same time compared with the traditional way of calculation ofenergy consumption in buildings to prove the correctitude of the software;Foundviable way of energy efficiency in buildings in the way of analyzing walls, windows,and many other aspect of structure of buildings, and using the software to analyzethe rate of the contribution of thermal quality to the energy consumption of buildings;Analyzed the rate of the contribution of the different weather to the energyconsumption of the existing dwelling in the way of calculating the energyconsumption in the whole year of the existing dwelling in two model cities choosefrom the region of north China and south China. Also is carrying on the contrast andviability assessments on the energy saving of the existing dwelling between northand southern region, getting the viability assessments and the conclusions inparticular data.

本文主要研究内容是：依据传递函数法原理应用Vb语言编写建筑物动态负荷仿真软件，并与传统负荷计算法进行比较，分析了程序的可靠性；从墙体，窗户及建筑结构的其它几个方面分析了建筑节能改造的一些可行性途径，并针对对建筑能耗影响较大的墙体与窗户就其热工性能的改变对能耗的影响应用程序进行了具体的分析；针对因地域性差异造成的气候差异对建筑节能措施效果的影响，就既有建筑的节能改造，分别选择华南华北地区的两个典型城市对其既有建筑节能改造前后的全年动态时时负荷进行计算，通过对比华南地区和华北地区的两个典型城市的既有建筑节能改造前后的能耗，及两城市节能改造后的节能效益，初投资回收期等方面，得出地域差异导致的气候差异对既有建筑节能改造的效果的影响的指导性结论及南北两地域既有建筑改造的量化结论和改造可行性的分析结论。

The quality of interior environment in nursing home residents will become one of the attention-getting subjects due to the gradual increase of aging populations This paper directs at the research of nursing home's interior environment factors in Tainan We use the standard of international practice to analyze the intrinsical data of environmental monitoring and establish the characteristics which from environmental physical reaction of nursing home The research items are air environments (PM10 CO CO2 formaldehyde TVOC) temperate environments and light environment (illumination average brightness daylight factor) etc There are the inductive conclusions of this research: 1 In basic medicine the clinical diagnosis means the theory and technique about physical examination with patients The definition of clinical diagnosis in architecture should be the diagnosis of building preserve and improve the feasible way to extend building's service life and assure the residents of the healthy quality of interior environment The object of clinical diagnosis in architecture is not only to ensure the use of structure and environment quality but also keep the structure and environment quality in sustainable; therefore creating an efficient system of preserving plan is needed 2 It is an accurate and technical circumstance which about improving remedying and reconstructing the problems of structure space This circumstance includes finding questions ensuring causation ascertaining ultimate strength evaluating environment quality estimating the necessary of restoration and implementing on a suitable way Furthermore when reconstructing and ameliorating the appearance of structure space it should be respected and the memories of it should be preserved 3 In clinical diagnosis of environment quality of space the question of physical environment and the deficiencies of structure must be separated The structure space of construction and the high quality of space should be inspected strictly then observed the crucial reason that can find out any invisible and hidden causes The diagnosis of construction is to observe the reason of destroyed structure The environmental diagnosis of indoor and outdoor is to find out the crucial reason that influences health 4 In order to decrease the iterant problems the construction and environment of space should be diagnosed However the destruction by natural strength and artificial using by human are important causes that can affect the service life of construction Searching the cause of disease just like curing the patient which includes inspection diagnosis cure and prevention We tested the thermal conductivity of siding material in this research and then found out the roof east vertical face and west vertical face have most radiant heat especially the construction of RC The characteristics of opaquely outer casing have relations with the thermal conductivity of wall to wiz the ability of heat insulation Therefore increasing the efficiency of heat insulation and decreasing the endoergic factor of insolation are very important to temperate environments

而随著国内老年人人口逐渐增加，逐渐迈向高龄化之同时，对於高龄者使用空间之室内环境品质相关议题之探讨，亦成为未来我们需加以关注之议题之一。主要为针对台南某安养中心室内环境因子进行检测调查工作，利用现场室内环境测定以取得有效的实测数据；再藉由汇整相关国际评估基准，并进行实测数据比对分析，建立老人安养中心对物理环境反应之特性。并以前期相关研究文献回顾与老人安养中心实测案例现场的实验，来了解不同空间物理环境特性之影响，并将结果回馈实际建筑及室内设计之用。调查工作项目包含：空气环境之PM10、CO、CO2、甲醛、TVOC；温热环境之室内温度、相对湿度、人体PMV、PPD；光环境之照度、均齐度、昼光率等因子调查。本研究结果可归纳以下几点结论： 1 所谓临床诊断医学乃相对於基础医学而言，是指实际与病人接触的医疗及护理行为中牵涉到的理论和技术；而建筑的临床诊断的定义应为建筑本体与室内外诊断、维护及改善所有可行的方式来延长建筑物的寿命，并确保人与室内环境空间品质的健康。建筑临床诊断目的为确保结构体与环境品质能继续使用，而能维持所需要的效能及承受能力。一个有效的维护计画体系是必须建立的 2 在建筑空间之问题改善、治疗与修复执行中，是一个精确与技术性的事项，其中包含找出问题、确定原因、评估结构应力强度、评估环境品质、评估修复与改善必要性、选择及执行一个适当的过程。其改善与修复也必须尊重建筑空间原有色彩与形貌，并保留原有记忆及文化。 3 在临床诊断中空间环境品质中，物理性环境问题与结构构件缺陷必须分别判断，诊断建筑空间之结构与空间舒适品质必须详细观察其症结性问题，才能发现任何隐藏及有潜伏性缺陷的原因。建筑本体诊断是观察出建筑本体之破坏原因，而是内外空间环境诊断目的在於的找出影响健康因素之症结性问题。 4 建筑本体与空间环境之预防评估目的为降低与抑制问题的再发生。然而，自然力的破坏与人为使用因素皆是影响建筑生命期之主要因素，找出病源问题就如同医生对病人的处理，包含了侦查、诊断、治疗以及预防。 5 本研究以外墙材料热传导率测试结果发现，屋面与东西向立面是承受辐射热最多的地方，尤以 RC 的建筑更甚，不透明部分的外壳能特性主要与壁体的热传透率即隔热能力有关，但是承受来自日射的吸热影响，因此增加隔热性能与降低日射吸热因子是对温热环境是非常重要的。

In Beijing Shooting Range for 2008 Olympic Games , architects apply some special surface conformations such as ecological breathing curtain wall, external wall board of precast fair-faced concrete, interior and external wall of fair-faced concrete, etc to solve problem.

在2008奥运会北京射击馆的建筑设计中，运用了生态呼吸式幕墙、预制清水混凝土外墙挂板以及清水混凝土内外墙等特殊构造表皮，解决建筑隔声、隔热、采光、节能等问题；在北京飞碟靶场中，将地方建筑材料和施工工艺运用到建筑表皮中，表达出独特的建筑气质。

Production to take: building walls, matching cemeteries, tombs carved production, luxury tombstone, Chinese tombstone, cemetery at home and abroad, luxury Cemetery, Chinese Cemetery, Hong Kong-style cemetery, casket, Shouson boxes, landscape, stone handicrafts, relievo handicrafts, Shadow carving handicrafts, large stone lions, small lions handicrafts, handicraft stone lions, which has affected the landscape figures carved handicrafts, stone lion sculptures, hanging granite, granite decoration and marble decoration and Dry Stone walls, marble CLADDING works hang wet engineering, wet stone walls hang works, wet stone walls hang works, marble wet-linked engineering, architectural wall decoration and building stone decoration handicrafts granite stone, granite relief handicrafts, white marble stone handicrafts, white marble reliefs handicrafts, stone carvingú±handicrafts, embossedú±handicrafts, garden stone reliefs Product production, stone figures, stone animal carving pavilions, stone railings, stone fireplace, stone tombstone, stone block vehicles, block road stone, the cornerstone of the way, stone suppliers, stone plates, marble material, small pieces of stone handicrafts, small pieces of embossed handicrafts, small pieces of shadow carving handicrafts, handicrafts, small handicrafts, Kirin stone handicrafts, stone crafts unicorn, unicorn crafts stone lanterns, stone railings, stone building engraving, stone lions series, Buddha sculpture, temple sculpture, to undertake various kinds of temples, cemeteries, building wall hanging of wet and dry granite marble, stone carving and other members of the public plaza processing installation, such as supporting the project.

生产承接：建筑幕墙，墓园配套，墓碑雕刻生产，豪华墓碑，中式墓碑，国内外墓园，豪华墓园，中式墓园，港式墓园，骨灰盒，寿盒，园林景观，石雕工艺品，浮雕工艺品，影雕工艺品，大型石狮，小型石狮工艺品，石狮工艺品，影雕人物景观工艺品，石狮雕刻，干挂花岗岩，花岗岩装饰工程，大理石装饰工程，石材幕墙干挂，大理石干挂工程，湿挂工程，外墙石材湿挂工程，石材幕墙湿挂工程，大理石湿挂工程，建筑外墙装饰工程，建筑石材装饰工程，花岗岩石雕工艺品，花岗岩浮雕工艺品，汉白玉石雕工艺品，汉白玉浮雕工艺品，九龙壁石雕工艺品，九龙壁浮雕工艺品，石雕园林浮雕产品制作，石雕人物，石雕动物石雕亭台，石雕栏杆，石雕壁炉，石雕墓石，挡车石，挡路石，路基石，石材供应，石板材，大理石材，小件石雕工艺品，小件浮雕工艺品，小件影雕工艺品，工艺品，小型工艺品，麒麟石雕工艺品，石雕麒麟工艺品，麒麟工艺品石灯笼，石栏杆，石桥雕刻建筑，石狮子系列，佛像雕刻，寺庙雕刻，承接各类寺庙、墓园、建筑外墙花岗岩大理石干湿挂、市民广场等石材雕刻加工安装等配套工程。

Position: as an integrating element of a culture, public buildings reflect the values of a society.a: on the one hand, public buildings vary in style from culture to culture, representing the different aesthetic values of respective cultures.b: on the other hand, the different functions that public buildings serve in different societies directly reveal the different ideals and ways of life in those societies.78、position: the best alternative is to modernize the city while preserving as much as possible its symbols of the past.a: first, historic capitals or cultural centers, which were carefully designed and meticulously constructed, should be preserved as wholesomely as possible, because they represent historic pinnacles of cultural and artistic sophistication.b: second, rare old buildings of lasting historic value that represent so e bygone era are worth preserving.c: finally, with advanced building technologies, city planers can even move the sporadic old buildings and put them together in a specially designated location.

参考观点16。论点：部分的建筑反映了社会的态度和价值，但也有部分建筑只是反映少数人的态度和价值。论据：有的建筑，如学校、法院等建筑分别反映了社会对待教育、法制的态度，体现了社会进步。但有的建筑，只是作为某些领导者或是建筑师的独特意识和价值观的表现，并不能代表着社会的态度。78。论点：部分的老建筑反映了以往社会的态度和价值，有着特殊的保留意义，但大多数的老建筑没有高价值，可以拆除，使地方用于现代目的。论据：在老建筑中，那些经历过特殊事件的或有着其他特殊意义的，尤其是独一无二的老建筑，应该被保留，并且要细心的维护，因为它们反映了以往社会的历史与文明。但大多数老建筑是没有太多历史意义的，它们总归要被新建筑、新价值所淘汰。这时，为了社会的进步，（本贴来自网络，版权所有归于作者

Position: as an integrating element of a culture, public buildings reflect the values of a society.a: on the one hand, public buildings vary in style from culture to culture, representing the different aesthetic values of respective cultures.b: on the other hand, the different functions that public buildings serve in different societies directly reveal the different ideals and ways of life in those societies.78、position: the best alternative is to modernize the city while preserving as much as possible its symbols of the past.a: first, historic capitals or cultural centers, which were carefully designed and meticulously constructed, should be preserved as wholesomely as possible, because they represent historic pinnacles of cultural and artistic sophistication.b: second, rare old buildings of lasting historic value that represent some bygone era are worth preserving.c: finally, with advanced building technologies, city planers can even move the sporadic old buildings and put them together in a specially designated location.

参考观点16。论点：部分的建筑反映了社会的态度和价值，但也有部分建筑只是反映少数人的态度和价值。论据：有的建筑，如学校、法院等建筑分别反映了社会对待教育、法制的态度，体现了社会进步。但有的建筑，只是作为某些领导者或是建筑师的独特意识和价值观的表现，并不能代表着社会的态度。78。论点：部分的老建筑反映了以往社会的态度和价值，有着特殊的保留意义，但大多数的老建筑没有高价值，可以拆除，使地方用于现代目的。论据：在老建筑中，那些经历过特殊事件的或有着其他特殊意义的，尤其是独一无二的老建筑，应该被保留，并且要细心的维护，因为它们反映了以往社会的历史与文明。但大多数老建筑是没有太多历史意义的，它们总归要被新建筑、新价值所淘汰。这时，为了社会的进步，文明的发展，这些老建筑都可以被拆除。

China in recent years for political, economic, military, cultural and educational fields in the rapid development of Chinese architecture is the structure of the United States and the United States, as well as the beauty of rhythm, the beauty of artistic conception, in the structure, base, brackets, cornices and other architectural elements add a lot of beauty , combined with the vestibule, double eaves and other landscape architecture, for building adds a lot of rhythm and mood.

中国近些年由于政治，经济，军事，文化，教育等领域飞速发展，中国建筑的美在于结构的美以及韵律之美，意境之美，在结构上，底座，斗拱，飞檐等建筑构件增添了许多美感，加之以玄关，重檐等园林建筑，为建筑增添了许多韵律和意境。

Construction machinery, construction materials, plumbing equipment, ceramics, stone, modified materials, construction chemical additives, coatings, paint, floor and carpet, wallpaper and wall mosaics, window materials, items shed and roof materials, glass, metal construction, plumbing equipment, sanitary ware, windows, metal accessories, valves, fasteners, standard parts, nails screen, heating facilities, air conditioning and ventilation systems, heating, electrical facilities, lighting systems, water systems and equipment, refrigeration systems, bathroom facilities, kitchen utensils, construction products and the structure of the roof, engineering Network, fire safety systems, building technology.

建筑机械、建筑材料、管道设备、陶瓷、石材、修饰材料、建筑化学附加剂、涂料、油漆，地板与地毯、墙纸及墙板镶嵌等、门窗材料、项棚和房顶材料、玻璃、建筑五金、水暖器材、洁具、门窗、五金配件、阀门、紧固件、标准件、钉丝网、采暖设施、空调和通风系统、供热技术，电气设施、照明系统、水系统和设备、制冷系统、卫浴设施、厨具、建筑制品和结构，屋顶、工程管网、防火安全系统、建筑技术等。

For example imitation board and its products with the European edition of formaldehyde "shaving board," the standard indicators consistent; Solvents, benzene-based paint wooden limited value and the "Community eco-labelling products -- Seqi and varnishes ecological commands" the same; Carpet, carpet pad and carpet products used Jiaonianji divided into A, B levels, a level of environmental protection - which the limited value with the United States under the carpet Association standards volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, and other indicators of the same; the conditions of application of radioactive materials into civil construction and industrial materials of construction, civil construction is divided into one category and class civil construction, and then, in accordance with A, B, C classification.

比如人造板及其制品中的甲醛限量与欧洲&刨花板&等有关标准的指标相一致；溶剂型木器涂料中苯的限量值与&欧共体生态标志产品―――色漆和清漆生态指令&相同；地毯、地毯衬垫及地毯用胶黏剂产品分为A、B两级，其中A级环保型的限量值与美国地毯协会标准规定的挥发性有机化合物、甲醛等指标相同；建筑材料放射性把材料适用条件分为民用建筑和工业建筑，民用建筑又分为一类和二类民用建筑，然后按照A、B、C分类。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。