建筑地基

The design and calculation of raft foundation ,the topic of whether to remain the permannent building separation for settlement between mair buildings and podiums,the piling design,and calculation for base settlement are introduced.

依据上海地基基础设计规范(DGJ08—11—1999)和《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》(JGJ3—2002)，结合多年的工程经验，详细阐述了在上海地区进行高层建筑基础设计时结构方案的选择，筏形基础设计与计算，主楼与裙房间是否要设永久沉降缝，桩基础的设计，以及基础沉降计算等常见问题。

In general seismic design of building, soil foundation under building is often regarded as rigid body neglecting deformation.

在现阶段的建筑结构抗震设计中，一般把地基当作刚体来看待，即认为地基在地震作用下不发生变形。

The seismic design method of buildings is based onthe rigid ground hypothesis in current code, although this hypothesis is relatively simple, with the accumulation of earthquake damage data and the study of soil-structure-dynamic-interaction problems in theory and experiment, people discover that the rigid ground hypothesis does not conform to the actual

我国现行建筑抗震设计规范以刚性地基假定为前提，这种假设虽然比较简单，但随着震害资料的积累以及对土-结构动力相互作用理论及实验研究的深入，人们发现这种刚性地基的假定在一些情况下并不符合实际情况，有时甚至是不安全的。

The case of subsoil judgement on a new developed area is introduced in the paper.

本文介绍了某地区地基土建筑适宜性的评判，对 AHP-Fuzzy 法在地基土评价中的应用进行了探讨。

Reflect the following issues : housing the main foundation sink, bearing surfaces, paint layer grievances, local tenesmus, seepage, and other quality problems; Housing size has shrunk, particularly balcony, the corridor area calculations manifest inequality; Purchase contract irregularities, some developers without consumer consent, without Planning Board approval to change the planning, design; property management responsibilities unclear, developers building units onto the construction units onto property company owners to repair houses; exaggerated propaganda to cheat and mislead consumers.

反映的主要问题有：房屋主体地基下沉、承重墙开裂、粉刷层不平、局部下坠、渗水等质量问题；房屋面积缩水，特别是阳台、走廊面积的计算显失公平；购房合同不规范，一些开发商未经消费者同意，擅自向规划委员会报批变更规划、设计；物业管理责任不明确，开发商推给建筑单位，建筑单位推给物业公司，业主维修房屋难；夸大宣传，欺骗和误导消费者。

Raft foundation can be analyzed by this program. And interaction of raft foundation in different plane shape and different thickness with soil that simulated by Winker or two-parameter soil model and high-rise building superstructure can be computed and analyzed. The program provides a new and effective analysis tool for the practice of high-rise building raft foundation engineering.

针对上述各种计算理论及分析内容，自行编制了相应的面向对象计算程序PIASRFS-2007，程序用C++语言在VC++平台中编制，采用该程序可以采用无网格法对筏板基础进行计算分析，并能对不同平面形状、不同厚度的筏板基础与Winkler、双参数弹性地基及高层建筑的不同上部结构进行三者的共同作用计算分析，该程序为高层建筑筏板基础工程实践提供了一种新型有效的分析手段。

By using such explorations testing ways as drilling, ultrasonic logging, pumping test, water analysis, microseismic survey and indoor earth mechanical experiments, the foundation bearing layer's features in soft rock iterbedded hard rock constituted by argillaceous dolomite rock, argillaceous limestone, pelitic mudstone and shave rock was determined. The foundation bearing layer's features and the slope design parameters of C and Φ in foundation pit was evaluated and excavated through local architectural experience.

采用钻探、超声波测井、抽水试验、水质分析、地微震测量、室内岩土力学室验等综合勘探测试方法，确定薄至中厚层状泥质白云岩、泥质灰岩夹泥岩、页岩组成的软质岩与硬质岩互层状岩体地基承载力特征值，结合地区的建筑经验合理的评价和充分挖掘软质岩与硬质岩互层状岩体地基承载力特征值和基坑边坡设计参数C、Φ。

First of all, domestic and abroad research about superstruct梖oundation梥oil interaction is introduced in this paper. The general bearing characters and calculating methods of mat or pile梞at foundation are then explained. Moreover, the interaction sense, analysis pattern and sub梥tructure method are discussed.

本文首先总结了国内外高层建筑上部结构—基础—地基相互作用的研究成果，分析了片筏和桩筏基础的一般受力特点和计算方法；同时，讨论了考虑上部结构—基础—地基相互作用的意义、分析方法和子结构法。

Archaeologists excavated for 5 months in the northern Greek region of Pella to uncover the base of the 58 square metre building, which was made from wooden poles, branches and mud.

考古学家在希腊北部佩拉地区挖了5个月，才发现这个建筑的58平方公尺地基；地基是由木杆、树枝及泥土制成。

This article discusses many factors which involve material,art and crafts,design,environment and asymmetrical sedimentation of groundwork to result in hiatuses of brick walls in brickwork according to experience of several years in construction of multilayer buildings.

根据多年多层建筑施工的实践经验，探讨了导致砌体建筑砖墙裂缝产生的砌体材料、施工工艺、地基不均匀沉降、环境、设计等各种因素及原因，并提出了相应的预防措施。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。