延髓的

Whether respiration related nuclei such as nucleus retrofacialis might play a role in the mechanism of central chemoreception on respiraton or not was also studied using the methods of local HRP application, microinjection and microiontophoresis.

采用延髓腹外侧表面敷贴HRP、微量注射酸化人工CSF及微电泳H〓的方法，探讨了呼吸相关核团NRF是否也参与延髓腹外侧表面的化学感受功能。

These DSs were first observed at 9 weeks in the distal part of ascending fibers that consist of gracile fasciculus and cerebellospinal-gracile nucleus and white matter of cerebellum. They extend along medulla oblongate to medulla cervix、medulla thorax、medulla lumbalis in accordance with dying-back type degeneration. The corticospinal tract were affected at 18 weeks,and thalamus、the olfactory pathway、the visal pathway、the auditory pathway were affected at 32 weeks.

这种DS从9周龄开始，首先在构成薄束路和脊髓小脑后路的上行纤维的远端区域-薄束核区和小脑白质出现，逐渐按照延髓、颈髓、胸髓、腰髓的顺序，向细胞体方向逆行性地进展。18周龄时波及到锥体路，32周龄时进一步波及到丘脑和嗅觉、视觉、听觉传导路。

Electrical and chemical stimulation of raphe subnucleiThe first part of this study was devoted to determining the effects of electrical or chemical stimulation of the medullary raphe nuclei on respiratory movements.

电刺激或化学刺激延髓中缝核群对呼吸运动的影响本课题第一部分系统观察了电刺激及化学刺激延髓中缝核群导致的呼吸运动效应。

Essential hypertension caused by neurovascular compression of the left ventrolateral medulla was associated with malbalance of vasomotor center in the dorsal medulla. The possible pathogenesis was the following:① An irritation of the left RVLM by pulsatile compression of an ectatic vessel would increase activity of central sympathetic neuron.② Neurovascular compression at the REZ of the cranial nerves Ⅸ and Ⅹ decreased excitation of parasympathetic nerve.③ Decreased sensitivity of afferent inputs to neuron of nucleus tractus solitarii in the sensory area lead to hyperactivity of central sympathetic nervous system due to pulsatile compression of the left RVLM.④ Neurocompression of the left RVLM and REZ in the left cranial nerves Ⅸ and Ⅹ lead to an overactivity of central renin angiotensin system.

3，结论：左侧延髓腹外侧Ⅸ、Ⅹ颅神经REZ动脉血管压迫所导致的高血压的发生与左侧延髓血管运动中枢对血压的调节失衡有关，其可能机制是：①左侧RVLM在搏动性血管压迫刺激下，中枢交感神经元活性增高；②左侧Ⅸ、Ⅹ颅神经REZ受压导致副交感神经兴奋性降低；③感受区孤束核神经元接受迷走神经传入冲动的敏感性减低，导致中枢交感神经活性增高；④左侧RVLM及Ⅸ、Ⅹ颅神经REZ受压引起中枢RAS活性增加。

In addition, the cytoarchitecture of the cerebelli and the medulla oblongata of Taihe silky fowl and the medulla oblongata of African ostrich were studied by the HE staining method and compared with Pekin duck using comparative neuroanatomical method.

同时采用HE染色技术，对泰和乌鸡延髓和小脑及非洲鸵鸟延髓神经核团的细胞构筑进行了研究，并与北京鸭的相关研究结果进行了比较神经解剖学研究。

While the tissue spaces surrounding a few blood vessels wasAl and Fg positive,no Al or Fg positive cells were observed.In antemortem injurygroup,diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage,cerebral edema,swelling or pyknotic neu-rons could be observed.The axons showed irregular swelling and disconnection at1～3h,marked swelling and disconnection at 6h,and retraction ball at 15h whichwas more remarkable at 24h after injury.The space between myelin sheaths andaxons was increased at 3～6h after injury.Tortuous and wavelike myelin sheathswhich adhered on axons incompletely,or even peeled off could be found from 15hto 24h after injury.Perinuclear lysis of Nissl bodies began at 24h after injury.Thenumber of GFAP positive cells in cerebrum and brain-stem increased significantlyfollowed by decrease,and then increased again,but the time courses of the changesin different areas of brain were not same.Al and Fg positive neural cells,mainlysurrounded blood vessels,with diffuse or peripherally distributed positive matter incytoplasm could be observed at 0.5h after injury.The number of Al or Fg positivecells and the intensity of immunoreaction increased with the time of injury.The areaof SYN positivity in medulla oblongata and pons decreased notably 3～6h afterinjury,then return to normal levels and continued to 24h after injury.

生前损伤组，可见广泛蛛网膜下腔出血，脑组织水肿，神经细胞肿胀，晚期神经元固缩；伤后1～3h见部分神经轴突不规则增粗、断裂，伤后6h断端膨大，伤后15h可见收缩球，至伤后24h更为明显；伤后3～6h可见部分神经髓鞘与轴突之间的间隙增宽，伤后15h髓鞘明显曲折，不完全附着在轴突两侧，甚至剥脱，持续到伤后24h；核周尼氏体减少在伤后24h才开始出现；同一部位的GFAP阳性细胞数目随损伤时间发生改变，先增多（最早在伤后0.5h），达到高峰后减少，其后又有增多趋势，但不同部位的GFAP阳性细胞数目增减的时间过程不尽相同，同时，大脑中的GFAP阳性细胞数目也有改变；伤后0.5h，可在脑干组织中见到Al和Fg阳性神经细胞，主要位于血管周围，阳性物在胞浆中呈弥散性分布，但部分细胞的阳性物仅分布于靠近胞膜的胞浆中而呈环状，随损伤时间延长，阳性细胞数目增多，反应强度增加；伤后3～6h，延髓及桥脑中的SYN阳性物面积减少，其后恢复到正常水平，并持续到伤后24h。

Results: The Fos-like immunoreactive neurons distributed mainly in the spinal trigeminal subnucleus caudalisipsilaterally and medullary visceral zone (MVZ,including nucleus tractus solitarius,ventrolateral medulla and the reticular formation between the first two),ln the sections processed for double staining of Fos and TH immunohisto chemistry, numerous Fos-LI neurons showed also TH- like immunoreactivity in their cytoplasm(Fos-TH cells)in MVZ.

结果：Fos样免疫反应神经元主要分布在同侧三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核、双侧延髓内脏带(孤束核、腹外侧区及二者之间的网状结构)。在抗Fos 和抗酪氨酸羟化酶的双重免疫染色切片上，见到延髓内脏带内许多Fos阳性神经元的胞浆同时呈TH样免疫反应(Fos-TH双重阳性细胞)。

Sixty-two artificially respired rabbits were anesthetized with urethae.Intranuclear microinjection was adopted.Microinjection of TRH into Lc-Sc induced a marked increase in respiratory frequency and significant elevation of blood pressure.The above mentioned effects of TRH into Lc-Sc on RF could be blocked by preinjection of α2 or β receptor antagonist into RVLM respectively.

实验选用62只行乌拉坦静脉麻醉和人工呼吸的家兔，采用脑内核团微量注射的方法，将TRH微量注入蓝斑复合核，使呼吸频率明显增快，平均动脉血压升高；在延髓头端腹外侧区分别预注射α2或β受体阻断剂，使TRH在蓝斑复合核的呼吸增频效应明显减弱，其升压效应可被延髓头端腹外侧区分别预注射α或β受体阻断剂拮抗。

Results: The immunostaining showed that intense FOS-Li and moderate NKR-Li neurons in the superficial laminae of medullae oblongata dorsal horn and their mainly part of the distribution were overlapped. Parts of the distribution of NKR-Li were obviously overlapped by the BSI-B4 labeled primary afferent C fibers and terminals.

结果：再次于形态学上证实了NKR样阳性结构及初级传入C纤维在大鼠延髓内的分布；发现大鼠延髓后角浅层密集分布NKR样阳性结构或BSI-B4标记的C纤维阳性纤维及终末，I、Ⅱ层内可见NKR样阳性神经元、深层偶见NKR样阳性神经元；但其中极少数是c-fos阳性神经元，未发现典型的NKR/FOS双标细胞。

The neural structural relations between the chemosensitive areas of the ventrolateral medullary surface and the intramedullary nuclei were investigated by local applications of horse radish peroxidase to different parts of the chemosenstive areas separately.

采用辣根过氧化物酶组化方法对延髓腹外侧表面化学感受区与延髓内部区域之间是否存在神经结构的联系进行了探查。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失