延髓

Some structure occur lately, and the neurons emerge earlier, such as the hypoglossal nucleus, nucleus ambiguous and reticular formation.

延髓灰质结构形成和神经元发育分化的规律：有些结构发生早，而神经元分化较晚，如下橄榄核、三叉神经脊束核和孤束核；有些结构发生略晚，但其中的神经元胞体分化和发育则较早，如舌下神经核、疑核及延髓的网状结构；有些结构发生早，神经元发育也早，如迷走神经背核。

Electrical and chemical stimulation of raphe subnucleiThe first part of this study was devoted to determining the effects of electrical or chemical stimulation of the medullary raphe nuclei on respiratory movements.

电刺激或化学刺激延髓中缝核群对呼吸运动的影响本课题第一部分系统观察了电刺激及化学刺激延髓中缝核群导致的呼吸运动效应。

Results:(1) Spin-echo sequence included axial, coronal and sagittal images. In T1-weighted images,the medulla oblongata is isointense,the cistern is hypointense; in T2-weighted images,the medulla oblongata is isointense, CSF shows hyperintense, and the arteries of posterior fossa appear hypointense flow voids. The cisternal cranial nerves are not clearly demonstrated in the routine spin-echo images. In 3D-time of flight images, the brain tissue shows isointense, CSF is hypointense, the artery shows hyperintense,and the cranial nerves show linear isointense.

2，结果：(1)常规SE序列横断面、冠状面及矢状面T1WI显示延髓等脑组织呈等信号，延髓周围池脑脊液呈黑色低信号，T2WI显示脑组织为等信号、脑脊液为白色高信号，脑底动脉在池内高信号背景下由于&流空效应&而表现为低信号，常规序列由于成像参数关系而不能直接显示脑池内颅神经；三维时间飞跃(3D-TOF)成像序列显示脑组织为等信号，脑脊液为低信号，而脑池内脑底动脉则呈高信号、脑池内后组颅神经为线状等信号。

Essential hypertension caused by neurovascular compression of the left ventrolateral medulla was associated with malbalance of vasomotor center in the dorsal medulla. The possible pathogenesis was the following:① An irritation of the left RVLM by pulsatile compression of an ectatic vessel would increase activity of central sympathetic neuron.② Neurovascular compression at the REZ of the cranial nerves Ⅸ and Ⅹ decreased excitation of parasympathetic nerve.③ Decreased sensitivity of afferent inputs to neuron of nucleus tractus solitarii in the sensory area lead to hyperactivity of central sympathetic nervous system due to pulsatile compression of the left RVLM.④ Neurocompression of the left RVLM and REZ in the left cranial nerves Ⅸ and Ⅹ lead to an overactivity of central renin angiotensin system.

3，结论：左侧延髓腹外侧Ⅸ、Ⅹ颅神经REZ动脉血管压迫所导致的高血压的发生与左侧延髓血管运动中枢对血压的调节失衡有关，其可能机制是：①左侧RVLM在搏动性血管压迫刺激下，中枢交感神经元活性增高；②左侧Ⅸ、Ⅹ颅神经REZ受压导致副交感神经兴奋性降低；③感受区孤束核神经元接受迷走神经传入冲动的敏感性减低，导致中枢交感神经活性增高；④左侧RVLM及Ⅸ、Ⅹ颅神经REZ受压引起中枢RAS活性增加。

In addition, the cytoarchitecture of the cerebelli and the medulla oblongata of Taihe silky fowl and the medulla oblongata of African ostrich were studied by the HE staining method and compared with Pekin duck using comparative neuroanatomical method.

同时采用HE染色技术，对泰和乌鸡延髓和小脑及非洲鸵鸟延髓神经核团的细胞构筑进行了研究，并与北京鸭的相关研究结果进行了比较神经解剖学研究。

The results are as follows:(1) immunoreactive neurons of NPY in medulla oblongata of Taihe silky fowl, New jianghan domestic chicken are mainly localized in the inferior olivary nucleus.

结果如下：(1)在泰和乌鸡和江汉鸡的延髓中，NPY阳性神经元主要存在于下橄榄核，网状核及中缝核也少量出现；(2)在泰和乌鸡和肉鸽的小脑中，NPY阳性神经元主要存在于小脑皮质的蒲肯野氏细胞层，且以小叶顶端的蒲肯野氏细胞阳性明显，而小脑皮质的分子层、颗粒层未见阳性反应细胞；(3)泰和乌鸡延髓的网状细胞核非常发达；泰和乌鸡小脑皮质分3层，由外至内依次为分子层、蒲肯野氏细胞层和颗粒层；小脑分10叶，Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅹ为单叶，其余各叶都分为2～3个小叶；(4)非洲鸵鸟迷走神经运动背核和疑核特别发达，孤束核吻侧部不发达。

Results Cerebellopontine angale region the lower neurovascular complex included glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerves, accessory nerve and hypoglossal nerves, and interrelated to posteroinferior cerebellar artery, bulbus medulla, cerebellar peduncle, bulbus fissurae cerebelli and cerebello-napex.

结果 桥小脑角区下血管神经复合体主要包括舌咽神经、迷走神经、副神经及舌下神经和相关的小脑后下动脉及延髓、小脑下脚、延髓小脑沟及小脑枕下部等。

Results: The Fos-like immunoreactive neurons distributed mainly in the spinal trigeminal subnucleus caudalisipsilaterally and medullary visceral zone (MVZ,including nucleus tractus solitarius,ventrolateral medulla and the reticular formation between the first two),ln the sections processed for double staining of Fos and TH immunohisto chemistry, numerous Fos-LI neurons showed also TH- like immunoreactivity in their cytoplasm(Fos-TH cells)in MVZ.

结果：Fos样免疫反应神经元主要分布在同侧三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核、双侧延髓内脏带(孤束核、腹外侧区及二者之间的网状结构)。在抗Fos 和抗酪氨酸羟化酶的双重免疫染色切片上，见到延髓内脏带内许多Fos阳性神经元的胞浆同时呈TH样免疫反应(Fos-TH双重阳性细胞)。

The trilobed structure of the brain, lying posterior to the pons and medulla oblongata and inferior to the occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres, that is responsible for the regulation and coordination of complex voluntary muscular movement as well as the maintenance of posture and balance.

小脑脑的三裂叶状组织，位于脑桥和延髓之后脑半球的枕叶下面，负责调节和协调复杂的自发肌肉运动，同时负责保持身体姿势的平衡支配心脏的副交感神经发源于延髓的迷走神经核。

The largest cisterna magna measurement should be no more than 10 mm in depth and no less than 2 mm.(7) The fourth ventricle should not communicate with the cisterna magna, after 18 weeks, in a standard plane, but should be separated by the intact cerebellar vermis.

小脑延髓池深度最大径线应不大于10mm，且不小于2mm.18周后，在标准切面上，第四脑室不应与小脑延髓池相交通，而应由完整的小脑蚓部相分隔。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失