延缓的

Vacuum was satisfied to the requirement of fresh-cut taro package and benefit to reduce water loss and to inhibit browning. The treatment of insufflate fresh-cut broccoli with 20mg·L-1 6-BA could delay chlorophyll reduction, inhibit ion leakage increasing and slow down the process of senescence. Fresh-cut broccoli packed with the atmosphere combination of 2.5%O2+7%CO2+90.5%N2 had high Vc and high chlorophyll content, and the senescence of the products was delayed certainly. The gas mixture of 5%O2+ 2%CO2+93%N2 could reduce the rate of respiration, chlorophyll decomposition, membrane breakdown and tissue senescence of pakchoi.

真空包装适合鲜切芋头，降低贮藏中鲜切芋头的水分损失，抑制鲜切芋头褐变发生；用20mg·L~(-1)6-BA喷洒鲜切青花菜可推迟叶绿素降解，抑制相对电导率的增加，延缓了衰老；2.5％O_2+7％CO_2+90.5％N_2MAP包装的鲜切青花菜Vc含量较高，叶绿素荧光值也较大，明显延缓了鲜切青花菜的衰老：5％O_2+2％CO_2+93％N_2混合气体抑制了青菜的呼吸作用，降低了叶绿素降解速度，减缓了细胞膜损伤及组织衰老程度。

The cold-shock treatment with ozonated water (ozone concentration 2 mg/L, dipping 5 min in the 1 ± 1 ℃cold water) reduced quantities of bacteria and funguses of winter-jujube, and decreased the rate of loss weight, and extended shelf-life of the fruit. By the ultrastructures of winter-jujube pericarp, cold-shock treatment with ozonated water could clean out the waxiness of crackle and lenticel, which is helpful for exchange of fruit internal CO2 and air, and inhibit accumulating of ethanol concentration.

臭氧水冷激处理(臭氧浓度为2mg/L，浸泡时间5min，水温1±1℃)可以明显降低冬枣表面细菌和真菌的数量，减少失重率，延缓冬枣硬度的下降，提高冬枣的货架期；从微观结构观察发现，臭氧水冷激处理可以清洗冬枣表皮裂缝和皮孔的蜡质，有助于枣果内部CO_2气体的排逸，从而延缓了冬枣的酒化；此外，冷激处理可以明显降低冬枣表面残留的农药：如马拉硫磷、氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯农药的含量，提高枣果的食用安全性。

The results indecated that 1-MCP treatment delayed the decline of fruit titratable acidity content, increased vitamin C accumulation, not affect the change of TSS. The respiration rate and climacteric peak of fruit was inhibited by 1-MCP treatment. The fruits treated with 1-MCP had higher firmness, lower pectase activity.

结果表明，1-MCP处理能够延缓果实酸度的降低，增加维生素C的含量，对可溶性固形物的变化没有影响；降低呼吸强度，抑制呼吸跃变的发生；抑制果胶酶的活性，延缓果实硬度的下降；处理前期对过氧化物酶的活性有抑制作用。

Lower estrogen level in females and lower testosterone level in males have been proved to be risk factors for AS. But organisms regulation and responsion to sex hormone level is an exquisite and complicated process with individual difference. It is not so simple as imaged by externally regulate sex hormone balance to prevent or delay the occurrence of AS. Great disputes exist in whether supplement of sex hormone, especially estrogen, can delay the occurrence and development of AS.

女性低雌激素状态，男性低睾酮状态已被多个临床研究证实是AS的易患因素之一，但由于机体对性激素水平的调节以及机体对性激素水平变化的应对是一个相当精细和复杂的过程且存在个体差异，试图通过外在地调整性激素平衡来预防或延缓AS发生并非象想象的那么简单，人为地补充性激素尤其是雌激素能否延缓AS发生与发展目前存在着争议。

Low temperature significantly prolonged fruit storage life,delayed the total sugar,total acid and V_C content loss.Between 2 ℃ and 12 ℃,the lower the storage temperature,the better preservation effect.The best storage temperature of wampee was 2-4 ℃. MAP storage could delay the!quality loss of wampee.0.025 mm polyethylene film with the packing capacity of 5.4 kg·m~(-2) were recommended.

结果表明，常温下黄皮果实贮藏期短，常温贮藏3 d后，好果率低于75%；低温能明显延长果实的贮藏期，延缓果实的糖、酸和VC含量的下降；在2-12 ℃间，贮藏温度越低，保鲜效果越好，适宜的贮藏温度为2-4 ℃；采用MAP保鲜技术能延缓果实品质的下降，在2-4 ℃下大鸡心黄皮MAP保鲜的适宜条件是采用0.025 mm的PE膜包装，装果量为5.4 kg·m-2。

The results showed that ascorbic acid oxidase activity in the flesh of 'brumal Jujube' became significantly higher than in pericarp with the development of maturity; but these activities of peroxidase , Polyphenoloxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in flesh were lower than in pericarp . During the development from green to half-red then to red, the lignin and fibre contents in pericarp gradually increased higher than in flesh; ethanol content also increased , acetaldehyde content reached to a peak during the red maturity stage and then declined.

随着贮期的延长，冬枣果肉中乙醇和乙醛含量增加，乙醇发酵关键酶的活性逐渐升高；气调贮藏延缓了果实中乙醇和乙醛的积累，抑制了PDC和ADH的活性，显著提高了果实的贮藏品质；说明气调贮藏延缓了果实的乙醇积累；但CA_1比CA_2促进果实乙醇积累的作用较明显，表明冬枣对高浓度CO_2较敏感，这可能是枣果实不耐高CO_2的原因之一。

The results indicated that 1-MCP treatment made fruit remain high quality and good flavor during storage by delaying the loss of firmness ,and maintain relatively high total soluble solids and titratable acid content.

结果表明：1 MCP处理可以明显延缓果实硬度的下降，维持果实较高的可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量，从而较好地保持果实在贮藏期间的品质和风味；1 MCP处理可以明显抑制梨病害的发生，保持较高的好果率，并可降低果实丙二醛含量，延缓其衰老。

Research on Keeping Quality of Different Flesh Types of Prunus persica L.Niu Liang, Wang Zhiqiang, Liu Shu'e, Song YinhuaAbstract: Effects of post-harvest cold storage and Modified Atmosphere Package on fruit hardness, weight losing and soluble solid content of different peach or nectarine varieties were investigated. The results showed that:(1) There were obviously differences of fruit hardness among varieties of different flesh types. In room temperature, FH of '24-30' and 'Zhongtao No.2' went down slower than 'Zhongyoutao No.5' and 'Zhongyoutao No.10'. In cold storage, '24-30', FH of Zongyoutao No.5' and 'Zhongyoutao No.10' descent quickly after 2 weeks of storage while that of 'Shuguang' and 'Zhongtao No.2' quickly descent just after storage.(2) MA package could effectively slow down the decreasing of FH. There were obvious differences among different varieties while 'Zhongyoutao No.10' was less sensitive than others.(3) Soluble solid content went down after harvest and the procedure was slower in lower temperature. In room, MA package seems accelerate the descendent of SSC.

采用不同肉质类型的桃、油桃果实为材料，对采后低温和自发气调包装等对果实硬度、失重和SSC含量等的变化进行了研究，结果表明：(1)不同类型桃、油桃采后果实硬度变化差异较大，常温下24-30和中桃2号果实硬度下降较慢，而中油桃5号、10号较快，在冷库低温条件下，24-30、中油桃5号和中油桃10号两周后硬度出现迅速下降，而曙光和中桃2号在贮藏后即迅速下降，带皮硬度与去皮硬度之间有一定差异，但变化趋势基本一致；(2)MA包装能有效地延缓采后桃、油桃果实硬度的降低，在常温及低温条件下均是如此，不同肉质类型间差异明显，曙光和中桃2号非常敏感，而中油桃10号则不太敏感，即MA包装对其果实硬度降低的延缓没有其它品种明显；(3)采后桃、油桃果实的SSC含量均有一定的降低，低温下该过程较慢，MA包装在常温下有加剧SSC下降的趋势，低温下则不明显，这可能与常温下采后立即进行MA包装不利于&田间热&及呼吸热的及时散发而加剧呼吸有关。

Golden pear could keep high quality over 100 days if stored at 5 centigrade, because the low temperature had influenced it in many aspects:(1) Made weight loss ratio lower than normal, and no fruit rot appeared;(2) Keep high fruit firmness all through the storage;(3) Respiratory climacteric came forth later than that which stored at room temperature, and the peak was lower than normal;(4) Activity of LOX and PG were inhibited, so the process of fruit senescence was delayed effectively.

7.5℃低温贮藏可以使黄金梨果实贮藏期延长至100天以上，并长期保持其优良商品特性，主要在以下几方面对果实产生影响：(1)降低黄金梨果实的失水率、防止烂果的发生；(2)延缓果实硬度下降的进程；(3)延迟果实呼吸峰的到来，并使峰值降低；(4)有效抑制黄金梨果实中LOX、PG的活性，从而延缓果实的衰老过程。

MCP could effectively delay the softening of climacteric fruit, such as Starking and Fuji apples and Feicheng peach, but as different fruits had different softening mechanism, the mechanism of 1-MCP inhibiting different fruit softening was different: in Starking apples, the key enzyme to the softening is endo-and exo-PG, while during Feicheng peach fruit softening, the key enzyme was EGase before the 20th d and endo-PG after 20th d during storage at 0℃. 1-MCP inhibited fruit softening mainly by inhibiting PG activity in Starking apple while in Feicheng peach, by inhibiting the activity of EGase in the earlier storage time and endo-PG in the latter time. It was also found that LOX accelerated the initiation of the softening and was regulated by ethylene and 1-MCP in apple and peach.

2.1-MCP能较好的延缓红星、富士和肥城桃等跃变型果实硬度的下降，但是不同品种/树种的果实软化机理不同，1-MCP抑制其软化的机理也不一致：在红星果实中，对软化起主要作用的酶一直为内切和外切两种PG，而在肥城桃软化过程中，前20d以纤维素酶活性起主要作用，20d后软化以内切PG为主。1-MCP主要通过抑制红星果实中PG酶活性来抑制果实硬度的下降；在肥城桃果实中，1-MCP通过抑制前期纤维素酶和后期内切PG活性，延缓了果实硬度的下降。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。