度量

In order to expose more exactly of the market risk faced by financing institutions,and manage risk more deeply and completely,This article expands research in the following aspects:multivariate abnormal distribution family,the measurement of correlati on function in the portfolio selection and Copula function.

为了能更准确地反映金融机构面临的市场风险，入行深层次的、全面的管理金融风险，本文最后从以下几方面展开了风险价值度量方法的研究：多元非正态分布族，投资组合中相关性度量方法及Copula函数。

It solves the problem that the unitary contour presentation can not correctly extract face contour in a face image which suffers from scale, rotation etc. The definition of the internal and external energy function is provided. At the same time, the global matching algorithm and local matching algorithm is given. The experiment shows that this presentation and the accompanying matching algorithm can be used to extract the face contour very well. So the image segmentation can be implemented by using it.②By analyzing the recognition principle of PCA method, we can conclude that the face images coming from different surrounding consist of different face image space. This is the essential reason that makes the generality of PCA method worse. Also, we give a measurement means to measure the distance from different face image space, so we can analyze face image space more conveniently.③We also construct various scale models and rotation pose models to detect the scale and rotating angle of face image to be recognized. The experiment results show that the detecting precision is very high. So it is good for face image feature extraction and face image representation.④Similarly, we construct local feature models of face image and utilize them to detect the local feature of face image. At the same time, we put forward a novel face image local feature detection algorithm, locating step by step. The experiment results show that this method can accurately detect the location of local face feature in a image.⑤A novel face image presentation model, dual attribute graph , is put forward. Firstly, it utilizes attribute graph to present the face image, then exact the local principal component coefficient and Gabor transform coefficient of thc pixels which corresponds to the nodes of the graph as the attribute of the nodes. This representation fully makes use of the statistical characteristic of the local face feature and utilizes Gabor transform to present the topographical structure of face image. So DAG has more general property.⑥Based on the DAG presentation, we give a DAG matching function and matching algorithm. During the design of the function and algorithm, the noise factor, e. g., lighting, scale and rotation pose are considered and tried to be eliminated. So the algorithm can give more general property.⑦A general face image recognition system is implemented. The experiment show the system can get better recognition performance under the noise surrounding of lighting, scale and rotation pose.

本文在上述研究的基础上，取得了如下主要研究成果：①构造了一个通用的人脸轮廓模型表示，解决了由于人脸图象尺度、旋转等因素而使得仅用单一轮廓表示无法正确提取人脸轮廓的问题，并给出了模型内、外能函数的定义，同时给出了模型的全局与局部匹配算法，实验表明，使用这种表示形式以及匹配算法，能够较好地提取人脸图象的轮廓，可实际用于人脸图象的分割；②深入分析了PCA方法的识别机制，得出不同成象条件下的人脸图象构成不同的人脸图象空间的结论，同时指出这也是造成PCA方法通用性较差的本质原因，并给出了不同人脸空间距离的一种度量方法，使用该度量方法能够直观地对人脸图象空间进行分析；③构造了各种尺度模板、旋转姿势模板以用于探测待识人脸图象的尺度、旋转角度，实验结果表明，探测精确度很高，从而有利于人脸图象特征提取，以及图象的有效表示；④构造了人脸图象的各局部特征模板，用于人脸图象局部特征的探测；同时提出了一种新的人脸图象局部特征探测法---逐步求精定位法，实验结果表明，使用这种方法能够精确地得到人脸图象各局部特征的位置；⑤提出了一种新的人脸图象表示法---双属性图表示法；利用属性图来表示人脸图象，并提取图节点对应图象位置的局部主成分特征系数以及Gabor变换系数作为图节点的属性，这种表示方法充分利用了人脸图象的局部特征的统计特性，并且使用Gabor变换来反映人脸图象的拓扑结构，从而使得双属性图表示法具有较强的通用性；⑥在双属性图表示的基础上，给出双属性图匹配函数及匹配算法，在函数及算法设计过程中，考虑并解决了光照、尺度、旋转姿势变化等因素对人脸图象识别的影响，使得匹配算法具有较强的通用性；⑦设计并实现了一个通用的人脸图象识别系统，实验结果表明，该系统在图象光照、尺度、旋转姿势情况下，得到了较好的识别效果。

After the intro- duction and analysis for the measurement and test of CMMI,a software test process model is proposed based on CMMI.On the basis of the understanding,the analysis of effective metrics of software test process is performed.

通过CMMI与软件测试、度量的分析，提出了基于CMMI的软件测试过程模型，并以此为基础对软件测试过程度量元的有效选取进行了研究。

In this paper we investigate an important fault tolerance measure,〓restricted edge connectivity,and an impo...

本文我们研究一种重要的容错性度量〓限制性边连通度，和一类重要的可靠性度量-全部终端点的可靠性。

In this paper we investigate an important fault tolerance measure,〓restricted edge connectivity,and an important reliability measure,all terminalreliability.

本文我们研究一种重要的容错性度量〓限制性边连通度，和一类重要的可靠性度量-全部终端点的可靠性。

Based on rough set theory, research in this paper mainly focuses on mining rules from decision system.Based on the research of the basic concepts of rough set, we deeply analysis and discuss the approximation set algorithm, equivalence class algorithm, core algorithm, attribute reduction algorithm, rules extract algorithm etc.

本文首先对数据挖掘和知识发现作一概述，并论述了粗糙集理论的重要概念及其度量，基于这些概念和度量，具体分析了粗糙集理论的近似集算法、核算法、属性约简算法、规则提取算法，给出了它们的算法分析以及具体实现步骤。

In distance metric of similarity search,DTW that replaces the Euclidean distance metric could bring better performance.

采用动态时间弯曲距离度量方法克服了欧几里德距离度量方法自身的缺陷。

Therefore,symmetric transformation can not be defined by metric conception in Euclidean space En.

在射影空间Pn中不存在度量概念，不能像欧氏空间En那样用度量概念来定义对称变换。

"Two- and three-dimensional Euclidean spaces are metric spaces, as are inner product spaces, vector spaces, and certain topological spaces."

二维和三维的欧几里德空间是度量空间。另外，内乘空间、向量空间以及某些拓扑空间等也都是度量空间

From the practical and feasible point of view the author different and detailed solutions to the difficulty. The protection of virtual property, which exists in the virtual world and can be measured by value, is not only one part of private property protection but also a key to keep network game industry healthily.

网络虚拟财产是存在于与现实具有隔离性网络空间中、能够用现有的度量标准度量其价值的新型财产，加强其保护是既是私人财产保护的组成，也是网络游戏产业健康发展的关键。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了